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Classification of Acids

Acids can be classified as inorganic or organic. Inorganic acids contain non-metallic elements or polyatomic groups with hydrogen, while organic acids are carbon-containing compounds that are generally weak acids. Acids can also be classified by their basicity as mono-, di-, or tribasic depending on the number of H+ ions produced. They can also be classified as dilute or concentrated based on their water content. Strong acids fully dissociate in water while weak acids only partially dissociate. Acid anhydrides react with water to form acids.

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410 views8 pages

Classification of Acids

Acids can be classified as inorganic or organic. Inorganic acids contain non-metallic elements or polyatomic groups with hydrogen, while organic acids are carbon-containing compounds that are generally weak acids. Acids can also be classified by their basicity as mono-, di-, or tribasic depending on the number of H+ ions produced. They can also be classified as dilute or concentrated based on their water content. Strong acids fully dissociate in water while weak acids only partially dissociate. Acid anhydrides react with water to form acids.

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Rhea Francis
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CLASSIFICATION OF ACIDS

CHEMISTRT
INORGANIC AND ORGANIC ACIDS
Acids can be classified as inorganic and organic acids.
• An ionorganic acid contains non-metallic element or polyatomic group as
well as hydrogen.
• Organic acid is a type of organic compound that typically has acidic
properties. A common example of organic acids are called carboxyl acids,
which are generally known as weak acids and do not totally dissociate in a
medium such as water, unlike with strong minerals
Inorganic Acids Organic Acids
Acid Formula Acid Formula

Hydrochloric acid HCI Methanoic Acid HCOOH

Nitric acid HNO3 Ethanoic acid CH3COOH

Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Lactic acid CH3 CH(OH)COOH

Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Citric acid C6H8O7


MONOBASIC, TRIBASIC, DIBASIC
Acids can also be classified according to their basicity.
(Basicity is the number of H+ ions produced per molecule of acid when the
acid dissolves in water)
Monobasic acids produce one W ion per molecule:
HCI(aq) H+(aq) + CI-(aq)
HNO3(aq) H+(aq) + NO3- (aq)
Monobasic acids can only form normal salts
• Dibasic acids produce two W ions per molecule:
e.g., H2SO4(aq) 2H+(aq) + SO4 2-(aq)
Dibasic acids can form both normal salts and acid salts

• Tribasic acids produce three W ions per molecule:


e.g., H3P04 (aq) 3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq)
Tribasic acids can form both normal salts and acid salts.
DILUTE AND CONCENTRATED ACIDS
A dilute acid is one that contains a lot pf water, whereas a concentrated acid is
one that contains very little water.
Hydrochloric acid which has a concentration of 0.1 dm-3, is dilute.
Hydrochloric acid, which has a concentration of 12 mol dm-3, which is
concentrated.
STRONG ACIDS AND WEAK ACIDS
The strength of an acid or alkali depends on the degree of ionization which occurs when
they dissolve in water.
A strong acid is fully ionized when dissolved in water. All the acid molecules ionize
and the concentration of H+ ions in the solution is high. Hydrochloric acid(HCI),
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) are strong acids.

HCI(aq) H+(aq) + CI-(aq)


A weak acid is only partially ionized when dissolved in water. The solution contains a
mixture of acid molecules and H+ ions, and the concentration of H+ ions in the solution
is low, ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH).
+
ACID ANHYDRIDE
An acid anhydride is a compound that reacts with water to form an acid.
Many acid anhydrides are acidic oxides of non-metals. Examples include
carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) sulfur trioxide (S03) and nitrogen
dioxide (NO2).

CO2 (g) + H2O(l) H2CO3 (aq)


SO2 (g) + H2O(l) H2SO3 (aq)

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