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Week 2 - Introduction To Engineering Design Process

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Week 2 - Introduction To Engineering Design Process

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nyarkokumi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MECH 161 – INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN (CAD) I

WEEK 2 – ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

By Mr Ebenezer Nyarko Kumi


What is Engineering
2
Design?
Engineering design is a systematic, intelligent process in
which designers generate, evaluate and specify designs for
devices, systems or processes whose form(s) and
function(s) achieve client’s objectives and users’ needs
while satisfying a specific set of constraints.

The steps of the engineering design


process.
Copyright © Denise W. Carlson, ITL
Program,
College of
Engineering, University of
Colorado at Boulder. The source
History of Design
3

• People have been designing things for a long


time
• Examples of great designs from the past
• Great Pyramids in Egypt
• Mayan Cities and Temples
• Great Wall of China
• Basic design method in the past > Trial and
Error
Mac Computer Evolution
4

1976: Apple 1980: Apple III 1989: Mac 1998: 2000:


I Portable iMac
PowerMac
G4 Cube

2003: iMac 2004: PowerBook 2004: iMac


G4 G4 G5
Mobile Phone Evolution
5

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s


Automobile Evolution
6
The Design Process
7

• Scientists see things as they are and ask, WHY?


• Engineers see things as they could be and ask, WHY
NOT?

• Essence of new design


• Less expensive
• Faster
• Better
Designs Can Be Different – Variation
8
in Usage
A Variety of Possibilities for
9
Designing a Ladder
From Design to
10
Manufacture
End Results of the Engineering Design
• Being in the form of Specifications for
Generating Ideas for • Manufacturing Products
• Innovations • Carrying out Services
• Solving Problems
• Meeting Needs
• Improving Efficiency
• Saving Resources Manufactur
• … e
Idea
Design
Specifications

Going through an Engineering Design Process


• Achieving Objectives
• Satisfying Constraints
• Leveraging on Available Knowledge, Skills & Technologies
Designer-Client-User
Triangle
11

Clien
t

Designer Use
r

• Client: person or group or company that wants a design


conceived
• User: The person who will actually use whatever is being
designed
• Designer: As its name implies
Engineering Design Addresses
12
Hard Problems

• Design problems are ill structured —


their solutions cannot normally be found
by applying math. formulas, methods,
and procedures in a routine way.

• Design problems are open-ended — they


typically have several acceptable
solutions.
Design Process as a Process of
13
Questioning
• Suppose your client wants you to “design a safe ladder”.

• There will be a lot of questions arising:


• Why do you want another ladder?
• How will it be used?
• How much can it cost?
• What do you mean by “safe”?

• Similar sets of questions arise if I simply ask you to “design an


automated guided vehicle (AGV)”, without further
specifications.

• The designer’s first task is to clarify what the client wants so as


to be able translate wishes into meaningful objectives and
Example: Design a Safe Ladder
14

• Questions like
• Why do you want another ladder?
• How will it be used?
• How much can it cost?
 help clarify and establish
the client’s objective.
• Questions like
• What does “safe” mean?
• What’s the most you’re willing to
spend?
 help identify the constraints
Example: Design a Safe Ladder
15
• Questions like
• Can the ladder lean against a supporting surface?
• Must the ladder support someone carrying something?
 help establish functions that the design must perform
and suggests means by which those functions can be
performed.

• Questions like
• How much weight should a safe ladder support?
• How high should someone on the ladder be able to reach?
 help establish requirements for the design.

• Can you think about these questions for your design?


Five-Stage Descriptive Model of the
16
Design Process
Client Problem Definition
Statement

Conceptual Design

Preliminary Design

Detailed Design

Final Design Communication


Design
Problem Definition
17

 A pre-processing stage that frames the


problem by clarifying the client’s original
problem statement

 What is the Problem?


1. Collect information
2. Interpret information
3. Organize needs hierarchy
4. Determine relative importance of needs
5. Review outcomes and process
Conceptual Design
18

Different concepts are generated to achieve the


client’s objective
 Explore many solutions
 Brainstorm
 Select the best solution
 Based on needs and constraints
 Use a decision matrix
 Creativity
 Development of new ideas
 Innovation
 Bringing creative ideas to reality
Design Process
19

• Preliminary design: examine preliminary choices of


schemes
• For the ladder project, we may size the side rails and
steps, and perhaps decide on how the steps are to be
fastened to the side rails.

• Detailed design: refine the choices we made in


preliminary design
• Design communication: a post-processing phase
that identifies the work done to collect, organize,
present the final design
Specific Tasks of the Design
20
Process
Design Process is Iterative
21

• A design process is not linear or sequential.


• We revise or modify the process from time to
Problem Definition – Example:
22
Design a Safe Ladder
• Ladder should be useful
• Used to maintain and repair outlets in high places
• Used to replace light bulbs and fixtures
• Could be a stepladder or short extension ladder
• Could be made of wood or fiberglass, but not Means
aluminum
• Step deflections should be less than 0.5 inch Functio
• Must support weight of an average worker n
• Must be safe Constrai
• Must not conduct electricity nt
• Should be relatively inexpensive Objective
• Must be portable between job sites Objective
• Should be light Constrai
• Must be durable nt
Example: Design a Safe Ladder
23

Build an objective tree


early, and modify it often
while defining the problem
Questions
24

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