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C# Basics: Variables, Loops, Decision Statements, Etc

This document provides an overview of basic C# concepts including variables, data types, arrays, loops, decision statements, classes, inheritance, and operator overloading. It defines common variable types like int, float, bool and string. It demonstrates how to declare and initialize variables, define simple arrays, and write for, while and do-while loops. It also covers if/else statements, class and interface definitions, static classes, abstract classes, inheritance, constructors, overriding methods, and overloading operators.

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Farhat Sharif
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

C# Basics: Variables, Loops, Decision Statements, Etc

This document provides an overview of basic C# concepts including variables, data types, arrays, loops, decision statements, classes, inheritance, and operator overloading. It defines common variable types like int, float, bool and string. It demonstrates how to declare and initialize variables, define simple arrays, and write for, while and do-while loops. It also covers if/else statements, class and interface definitions, static classes, abstract classes, inheritance, constructors, overriding methods, and overloading operators.

Uploaded by

Farhat Sharif
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C# Basics

Variables, Loops, Decision


Statements, etc
Variables Declarations
 byte - 0 to 255  float
 char - 2 bytes  double
 bool  decimal
 sbyte - -128 to 127  long
 short - 2 byte int  ulong
 ushort - 0 to 65,535
 int - 4 bytes  string
 uint - 4 bytes positive
Using Variables
 C# is Strongly Typed
float x = 10.9f;
double y = 15.3;

y = x; // okay
x = (float) y; // conversion required

 Variables must have Value before being used.


 Hence declarations usually include initialization
Simple Arrays
int[] myArray1 = new int[5];

int[] myArray2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

for (int i=0;i<10; i++)


Console.Write (myarray[i]);
Console.WriteLine();
Looping Statements
 Same as C++
 while (count > 0)
process_list (count--);

 do
process_list( ++count );
while (count < 10);

 for (int i=1; i<=10; i++)

 Different from C++


 while (count)// illegal C# unless count is bool
Decision Statements
Almost Just Like C++

if (count >= 10) switch (choice)


{ {
dostuff(); case 'Y': //must be empty
domorestuff(); case 'y': do_yes_stuff();
} break;
else default:
... ...
Simple Console Output
System.Console.WriteLine
System.Console.Write

System.Consolue.WriteLine ("count = {0} and sum = {1}",


count, sum);
Simple Console Input
string inputline;
char charvalue;
int intvalue;

Console.Write ("Enter a string: ");


inputline = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"",inputline);

Console.Write ("Enter a character: ");


charvalue = (char) Console.Read();
Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"", charvalue);
Console.ReadLine();

Console.Write ("Enter an integer: ");


inputline = Console.ReadLine();
intvalue = Convert.ToInt32(inputline);
Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"", intvalue);
Class/Interface Definitions Like
Java
 class modifiers: abstract, static, sealed
 visibility: public, protected, internal, private
 interface name starts with I like IComparable,
ISerializable
 const vs. readonly attributes
 const, predefined type, compile time evaluation, static
 readonly, value assigned only once (decl or construct)
Static Classes
 They only contain static members.
 They cannot be instantiated.
 They are sealed.
 They cannot contain instance Constructors
Abstract Classes
 An abstract class cannot be instantiated.
 An abstract class may contain abstract
methods .
 It is not possible to modify an abstract class with
the sealed modifier, which means that the class
cannot be inherited.
 A non-abstract class derived from an abstract
class must include actual implementations of all
inherited abstract methods.
Inheritance (C++ syntax)
public class Person : IComparable
{

public class Employee : Person, ISerializable


{

}
Constructor
public Person (string name, int ssn)
{

public Employee(string name, int ssn, int phone) : base(name, ssn)


{

public Employee(string name) : this (name, 999, 999)


{

}
Overriding Methods
 Must mark all overridable methods in the
superclass with ‘virtual’
public virtual int foo()

 Must mark all overriding methods in the


subclass with ‘override’
public override int foo()

 Use base.MethodName() to call the


superclass method
Overloading operators
 Like C++, we can overload and redefine
operators like == and +.

public static bool operator== (MyClass lhs, MyClass rhs) { }

public static MyClass operator+(MyClass lhs, MyClass rhs)

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