Wireless NETWORKS (EC8004) : Dr. B.VENKATALAKSHMI Session #03 802.11 Protocol Architecture
Wireless NETWORKS (EC8004) : Dr. B.VENKATALAKSHMI Session #03 802.11 Protocol Architecture
Wireless NETWORKS (EC8004) : Dr. B.VENKATALAKSHMI Session #03 802.11 Protocol Architecture
NETWORKS (EC8004)
14.2
802.11
PROTOCOL 01 OVERVIEW
ARCHITECTURE
02 PHYSICAL LAYER
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
•Seamless fitting with 802.x networks
•Wireless with wired through Bridges
•Applications feel lower bandwidth and higher
access time
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
MAC Management
PHY management
- channel tuning
- PHY MIB maintenance
Station Management
-interacts with both management layers
- is responsible for additional higher
layer functions (e.g., control of bridging
and interaction with the distribution
system in the case of an access point)
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
• FHSS
• DSSS
• IR
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
FHSS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CkhA7s5GIGc
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
FHSS
• For 1 Mbit/s a 2 level GFSK is used (i.e., 1 bit is mapped to one frequency),
•4 level GFSK for 2 Mbit/s (i.e., 2 bits are mapped to one frequency).
•While sending and receiving at 1 Mbit/s is mandatory for all devices, operation
at 2 Mbit/s is optional.
•This facilitated the production of low-cost devices for the lower rate only
•more powerful devices for both transmission rates in the early days of 802.11
802.11 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
WLAN PHY Frame with FHSS
WLAN PHY Frame with FHSS
•Synch: a sequence of 80 bits alterning 0 and 1, used by the physical circuits to
select the correct antenna (if more than one are in use), and correct offsets of
frequency and synchronization
• SFD: start frame delimiter consists of a pattern of 16 bits: 0000 1100 1011
1101, used to define the beginning of the frame
•While sending and receiving at 1 Mbit/s is mandatory for all devices, operation
at 2 Mbit/s is optional.
•This facilitated the production of low-cost devices for the lower rate only
•more powerful devices for both transmission rates in the early days of 802.11
WLAN PHY Frame with FHSS
•Length of word of PLCP PDU (PLW): representing the number of bytes in the
packet, useful to the physical layer to detect correctly the end of the packet.
– Flag of signalization PLCP (PSF): indicating the supported rate going from 1
to 4.5 Mbps with steps of 0.5 Mbps. Even though the standard gives the
combinations of bits for PSF to support eight different rates, only the
modulations for 1 and 2 Mbps have been defined.
– Control error field (HEC): CRC field for error detection of 16 bits (or 32 bits).
The polynomial generator used is G(x) = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
WLAN PHY Frame with FHSS
The number of operating channels must be greater than or
equal to 20 and less than 35 slots of 1 MHz in the band
indicated in Table A.2.
WLAN PHY Frame with DSSS
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1mxYWvfVWQ
WLAN PHY Frame with DSSS
•DSSS, spreading is achieved using the 11-chip Barker sequence (+1, –1, +1,
+1, –1, +1, +1, +1, –1, –1, –1)
•IEEE 802.11 DSSS PHY also uses the 2.4 GHz ISM band and offers both 1
and 2 Mbit/s data rates
•The system uses differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) for 1 Mbit/s
transmission and differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) for 2
Mbit/s as modulation schemes
•All bits transmitted by the DSSS PHY are scrambled with the polynomial s(z) =
z7 + z4 + 1 for DC blocking and whitening of the spectrum.
WLAN PHY Frame with DSSS
•Synch: it is composed of 128 bits set to «1» and
cooperates to the synchronization of the receiver.
– Signal: this field allows to specify the modulation to use for reaching
the desired rate, having 0A for 1 Mbps with a DBPSK modulation and
14 for 2 Mbps with a DQPSK modulation.
– Service: this field is reserved for future use and must be initialized
to 0. A value of 00 signifies that the unit conforms to the IEEE 802.11
standard.
WLAN PHY Frame with DSSS
•Length: this field indicates the size of the frame in bytes, ranging from
4 to 8192 bytes.
– Control error field (CRC): CRC field for error detection of 16 bits (or
32 bits). The polynomial generator used is G(x) = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
WLAN PHY Frame with IR
Uses near visible light at 850–950 nm.