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Introduction To Mathematics: Week 1 Review of Basic Arithmetic Operations & Algebra

This document provides an introduction to basic mathematics topics including arithmetic operations, algebra, BODMAS order of operations, LCM (least common multiple), and HCF (highest common factor). It explains BODMAS as the standard order in which mathematical operations should be performed, and provides examples of applying BODMAS to evaluate expressions. It defines LCM as the smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers, and HCF as the largest number that is a factor of two or more numbers. Examples are given for calculating LCM and HCF.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views19 pages

Introduction To Mathematics: Week 1 Review of Basic Arithmetic Operations & Algebra

This document provides an introduction to basic mathematics topics including arithmetic operations, algebra, BODMAS order of operations, LCM (least common multiple), and HCF (highest common factor). It explains BODMAS as the standard order in which mathematical operations should be performed, and provides examples of applying BODMAS to evaluate expressions. It defines LCM as the smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers, and HCF as the largest number that is a factor of two or more numbers. Examples are given for calculating LCM and HCF.

Uploaded by

Rafay Shahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Mathematics

Week 1
Review of Basic Arithmetic Operations & Algebra

• Unit 1.1
Basic Arithmetic including BODMAS, LCF, HCF.
Topics in this Unit

• BODMAS
• LCM
• HCF
BODMAS
Why do we need BODMAS?

• Suppose you have the following expression:

 
• What do you do first? Do you add? But what about the square on number
eight? Should you square the number first? And what about the expression
in the brackets?
• To have a methodical approach when solving expressions, BODMAS Rule is
widely used.
What is BODMAS Rule?
• BODMAS Rule decides the order of operations for adding, subtracting,
multiplying and dividing etc.
• BODMAS stands for Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition,
Subtraction
• B – Brackets (Do all operations contained in the brackets first)
• O – Orders (Powers and Square Roots etc. are dealt with next)
• D – Division (Perform Division Next)
• M – Multiplication (Next up is multiplication)
• A – Addition (Add the remaining expression)
• S – Subtraction (Last is subtraction)
Example 1
Let’s see how this BODMAS Rule works. We’ll use the expression shown in the
first slide.

• Start with the calculation inside the brackets.


• 30 ÷ 5 = 6.
This gives you 4 + 82 × 6 = ?
 
• Then calculate the orders - in this case the square of 8.
• 82 = 64
• Your calculation is now 4 + 64 × 6
• Then move to the multiplication 64 × 6 = 384
• Finally perform the addition. 4 + 384 = 388
• The answer is 388.
Example 2

• Lets take another example


6÷2+7×4=?

You need to do division and multiplication first, but you have one of each.
• Start from the left and work across to the right, which means that you start
with 6 ÷ 2 = 3. Then do the multiplication, 7 × 4 = 28.
• Your calculation is now 3 + 28.
• Complete the addition calculation to find the answer, 31.
Example

What about this one?


4 × (3 + 2) = ?
• You need to do the operation, inside the brackets first, 3 + 2, then multiply
the answer by 4.
• 3 + 2 = 5.
4 × 5 = 20

• If you ignored the brackets and did your calculation from left to right 4 × 3 + 2
you would get 14. You can see how the brackets make a difference to the
answer.
Practice Makes Perfect

• Solve the following expressions:


• 10 + 6 x (1 + 10)
• 5(3 + 2) +
• (105 + 206) – 550 ÷ + 10
 

• Answers :
• 76
• 50
• 299
LCM
(Least Common Multiple)
Multiple

• A Multiple of a number is the product of the number and any whole number.

• Example: number x number = product (multiple)

• When you count by twos, fives or tens, you are using multiples.
• 2 : 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Multiples of two
• 4 : 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 Multiples of four
• 5 : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 Multiples of five
Least Common Multiple
• Used in solving fractions by helping in finding a common denominator
• Least Common Multiple is found between two or more numbers. Assuming
we have two numbers, it is the number that is a common multiple of all the
numbers in question.
• L - Least. The smallest possible
• C - Common. Both numbers have it
• M - A multiple of both numbers.
• Hint : The LCM of two numbers will always be equal to or greater than the
larger number.
Example 1

• For examples, the number 4 and 3.


• First step is to write down the multiples of 3, then 4.
• 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 ….
• 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 ….
• Now, we find the smallest number this is common to both.
• In this case, it is 12.
• 24 is also common, but it is not the smallest.
More Examples

• Find the LCM of 10 and 30


• 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
• 30: 30, 60, 90
• So the LCM is 30 because 30 is the lowest number in the list of multiples.

• Find the LCM of 12 and 18


• 12: 12, 24, 36, 48
• 18: 18, 36, 54
• So the LCM is 36 because 36 is the lowest number in the list of multiples.
HCF
(Highest Common Factor)
Factors vs Multiples

• In LCM, we discussed Multiples. Now in this section, we’ll be discussing


factors.
• Factor is a number that divides another number evenly (i.e. with no
remainder).
• For example, 10 is divided evenly by 1,2 and 5. So 1,2 and 5 are factors of
10.
• HCF means Highest Common Factor. So like LCM, we’ll be finding a number
that is common to two numbers, but this time, we’re dealing with factors and
we’ll be looking for the common factor that is the highest.
Example

• Suppose we need to find the HCF of 10 and 15.


• We write down individually the factors of 10 and 15, then figure out which
factors are common. Then we chose the largest common factor.
• 10 : 1, 2, 5
• 15 : 1, 3, 5
• So, 5 will be the HCF.
• 1 is also common, but 1 is not the largest.
Example 2

• HCF of 24 and 36
• Prime factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12
• Prime factors of 36: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
• HCF =12
Thank you

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