Water Resources Management: Dawn Martina Robite Kathryn Nicole Cuñada

WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
Module 5
Presented by:
Dawn Martina Robite
Kathryn Nicole Cuñada
THE NEED FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Water sustains all life on earth. It is a key
element of sustainable development.
Crisis with regard to water availability

and quality casts a shadow on Water crisis is life-threatening.
sustainable development in Asia and
the Pacific region. Freshwater has no viable
THUS, A CONCRETE ACTION PLAN, ESPECIALLY FROM THE ACADEME, IS
substitute.
BEING CALLED FOR. THE ROLE OF THE ACADEME IN THIS ENDEAVOR IS
ESSENTIAL IN EFFECTING A PARADIGM SHIFT ANDwater,
Without THE FURTHER
ecosystem are
PROMOTION IF ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY AMONG THE GENERATION
destroyed.
Water supply shortage characterizes
THAT WILL EVENTUALLY INHERIT THE EART
some areas of the country, Indication of threats of
particularly urban areas. freshwater resources.
Increasing pressures from population It takes it’s toll on the country’s

and economic activities. coastal waters.
SOURCES OF FRESHWATER
•Atmospheric water (rainwater)
•Groundwater (aquifers, water tables)
•Surface water (lakes, rivers, ponds)

MAJOR ISSUES IN WATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
• Lack of comprehensive and cross-sectoral
strategy for development and protection of
water resources.
• Fragmented water management
• Weak law enforcement and inadequate
resources.
WATER PROBLEMS
Destruction of natural ecosystems that are vital for the
Water scarcity replenishment of freshwater supplies.
Denudation of watersheds.
Processes that cause the wearing away

of the earth’s surface leading to a
reduction in elevation and relief of
landforms and landscapes.
Water pollution Human activities.
Agricultural runoff and domestic waste
Discharge of organic substance and toxic materials

STATUS OF COASTAL AND MARINE
RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Coral reefs in poor condition
• Mangrove forest loss continues
• Valuable seagrass beds declining
• Fisheries production significance
SOURCES OF WATER
POLLUTANTS
• Domestic sewage Wastewater discharged from
residential, commercial,
A principal example of point
• Industrial wastewater institutional,
source. recreational,
It is discharged
and industrial
by
facilities.
industries after water has
• Agricultural runoff Wastewater
been utilized infrom farms
production
processes.
Results from rainfall and
• Storm water runoff may cause turbidity
Pollution also emanates
and contamination of
• Naturally occurring sources from sources
receiving that are
bodies of
naturallywater.
occurring or
Those
Defined caused
which
as that by geological
continuously
entering
Point
Non point
source
sources
pollution from
deposit
disturbances.
a fixed
extraneous
source.
materials into
watercourses from a
widely spread area.
Water usage and classification per DENR A.O. No. 34 (1990)
A. Fresh Surface Water
Classification Beneficial use
Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. This class is intended primarily
for waters having watersheds which are inhabited & otherwise
protected and which require only approved disinfection in order
to meet to meet the National Standards fro Drinking Water of the
Philippines.
Class A Public Water Supply Class II. For sources of water supply
that will require complete treatment in order to meet the NSDW.
Class B Recreational Water Class I. For primary contact recreation.
Class C 1. Fishery Water for the propagation & growth of fish and
other aquatic resources.
2. Recreational Water Class II (boating)
3. Industrial Water Supply Class I (manufacturing after
treatment)
Class D 1. For agriculture, irrigation, livestock, watering
2. Industrial Water Supply Class II
3. Other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this
classification
B. Coastal and Marine Waters
Classification Beneficial Use
Class SA 1. Waters suitable for the propagation, survival and
harvesting of selfish for commercial purposes.
2. Tourist zones and National marine parks and
reserves.
3. Coral reef parks and reserves designated by law and
concerned authorities.
Class SB 1. Recreational Water Class I
2. Fishery Water Class I
Class SC 1. Recreational Water Class II
2. Fishery Water Class II
3. Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as a fish
and wildlife sanctuaries.
Class SD 1. Industrial Water Supply Class II
2. Other coastal and marine waters, by their quality,
belong to this classification.
Threats from Nonpoint Pollution Sources
• Agricultural Runoff
Soil eroded from logged hillsides
• Siltation from Forest when heavy rainfall occurs
Runoff had its own adverse effects.
• Urban Storm water:

An Emerging Problem
• Inefficient Solid Waste
Management
MAJOR FACTORS THAT LEAD TO
DEGREDATION OF WATER RESOURCES
1. Logging of forest
2. Kaingin farming Burning and clearing of
3. Mining activities wild shrubs/trees to
4. Transportation routes Most common water
give way to crop
5. Accidental leaks/ spills of source degradation
chemicals farming in the upland
factor due to roads and
6. Cattle grazing, piggery, and poultry forest area.
farming vehicular movement is
7. Human settlements and sewage the production of
disposal systems sediments.
8. Garbage open dumpsites and
sanitary landfills
9. Underground storage tanks
10. Salinity intrusion into coastal
aquifers
11. Recreation in stream and lake
areas
12. River Quarrying for gravel sand
HOW DO WE MAINTAIN GOOD WATER
QUALITY
Water conservation Cleaner production in
industries
Increasing the efficiency
of irrigation systems Provision of clean water for
underdeveloped
Safeguarding all wetlands
localities through
from destructive
aggressive water
activities
programs
Development of crop
varieties that need less Enactment of appropriate
water, or drought- law
resistant crops

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WATER RESOURCES

Crisis with regard to water availability

Increasing pressures from population It takes it’s toll on the country’s

•Atmospheric water (rainwater)

•Groundwater (aquifers, water tables)

•Surface water (lakes, rivers, ponds)

Processes that cause the wearing away

Water pollution Human activities.

Agricultural runoff and domestic waste

Discharge of organic substance and toxic materials

• Urban Storm water:

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