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Specifying A Purpose and Research Questions or Hypothesis

The document discusses how to properly design quantitative and qualitative research studies. It explains that quantitative studies should specify independent and dependent variables and include hypotheses about their relationship. Qualitative studies use open-ended research questions instead of hypotheses. The document provides examples of well-written research questions and hypotheses and distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative approaches.

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733 views9 pages

Specifying A Purpose and Research Questions or Hypothesis

The document discusses how to properly design quantitative and qualitative research studies. It explains that quantitative studies should specify independent and dependent variables and include hypotheses about their relationship. Qualitative studies use open-ended research questions instead of hypotheses. The document provides examples of well-written research questions and hypotheses and distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Uploaded by

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Specifying a Purpose and

Research Questions or
Hypothesis
Annisa Tiara Syafitri (20181111031)
Eryna Rista Aulia (20181111032)
The Purpose Statement
• Quantitative: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between
use of Internet communication between teachers and parents in a Midwestern
school district and student achievement on tests in high school social studies.

• Qualitative: The purpose of this study is to explore parent stories regarding


Internet communications with teachers about their students in one Midwestern
school district.

• To distinguish the various forms of research direction, you can see the
following picture.
Research Questions

• Quantitative:

• Do parent-teacher Internet communications affect student performance in the classroom?

• Qualitative:

• What types of Internet experiences do parents have with teachers about the performance of
the parents' children?

• Note: Research questions (statement of the problem) has a relationship with the objective
study, so that each number must be the same and the answer must be related to the question
such as “How”-“to describe”, “What”-“to identify/to classify”, Why-“to explain”.
Hypotheses
• Null hypotheses make predictions that of all possible people whom researchers might study there is no relationship
between independent and dependent variables

• Example :

IMPROVEMENT OF READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS OF CHILDREN’S STORY TRHOUGH APPLYING


OF THINK PAIR SHARE LEARNING MODEL

H0: Think pair learning model is effective to improve reading comprehension skill of children’s story

• Alternative Hypotheses make your research will be accept by the; lecture, at least you have to write all the
possibility whether is success or not.

• Example :

H1: Think pair learning model is not effective to improve reading comprehension skill of children’s story.
HOW DO YOU DESIGN QUANTITATIVE PURPOSE
STATEMENTS, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AND
HYPOTHESES?

• Variables are characteristics or attributes of individuals or organizations that (a) can be


measured or observed by researchers and (b) vary among the individuals or
organizations studied

• To find the dependent variable in a study, examine the purpose statements, research
questions, and hypotheses for outcome that the researcher wishes to predict or explain.

• Independent variables are attributes or characteristics that affect dependent variable. In


research studies, the independent variable is called the factors, treatments, predictors,
determinants, or antecedent variables.
Example
• Research Question:
Do students who spend more instructional time in class on math have
higher math scores than students who spend less time?

1. Independent Variable: Time on math instruction


2. Dependent Variable: Math scores
Differentiating between Quantitative and Qualitative
Purpose Statements and Research Questions

• In quantitative research, hypotheses are used. In qualitative research, hypotheses are not
used; instead, inquirers use only research questions.

• In quantitative research, the investigator identifies multiple variables and seeks to


measure them. In qualitative research, the term variable is not used, and instead the
inquirer seeks to gather information on.

• In quantitative research, researchers often test theories: broad explanations that predict
the results from relating variables. In qualitative research, theories are typically not tested.
Writing Qualitative Purpose Statements
and Research Questions
• The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe classroom learning using the internet for
high school student to participating in a sign language.

• Qualitative research questions are open-ended, general questions that the researcher would
like answered during the study.

Example :

Ask only a few, general questions. Five to seven questions are enough to 12ermit the
participants to share information. Using only a few questions places emphasis on learning
information from participants rather than learning what the researcher seeks to know.
Conclusion

• For a quantitative study, know the differences among the types of variables. Be able to identify clearly

the independent and dependent variables that you plan to study.

• If you write hypotheses, consider whether your statements are directional or nondirectional. Directional

hypotheses are more popular today and reflect a prediction about the expected results of a study

resulting from past research.

• If you write research questions, use the elements advanced in this chapter.

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