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APA Citations: Learn How To Cite Properly!

1) In-text citations provide readers with information about sources used to support ideas in a paper. They include the author's name and date of publication, and for direct quotes, also include a page number. 2) Quotations require a signal phrase introducing the quote along with in-text citations. Paraphrases and summaries also require in-text citations with the author's name and date. 3) Multiple works by the same author in the same year require distinguishing lower-case letters after the year.

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58 views12 pages

APA Citations: Learn How To Cite Properly!

1) In-text citations provide readers with information about sources used to support ideas in a paper. They include the author's name and date of publication, and for direct quotes, also include a page number. 2) Quotations require a signal phrase introducing the quote along with in-text citations. Paraphrases and summaries also require in-text citations with the author's name and date. 3) Multiple works by the same author in the same year require distinguishing lower-case letters after the year.

Uploaded by

Rameen Shahzad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hello!

APA Citations
Learn how to cite properly!

Hi!
Why use
in-text
citations?
An in-text citation is a way to let your reader know
that you have used someone else’s research to
support your writing and where to find that source.
Whenever you use a source, provide in
parenthesis:

The author’s name and the date of For quotations and close
publication paraphrases, provide the author’s
name, date of publication, and a
page number
● APA requires double-spacing
between ALL text lines – that
includes references.

●
REMEMBER
Please note that, to save space, this
guide has been formatted in single
spacing.

Hello!
Let’s discuss how to cite under these
circumstances
• Quotations
• Summary or Paraphrase
• Two or more works
• A work with two authors
• A work with three to five authors
• A work with six or more authors
• The same last name/ same author
• Organization
• Personal Communication
Quotations

When quoting, introduce


the quotation with a Caruth (1996) has stated
signal phrase. Make sure that a traumatic response A traumatic response
to include the author’s frequently entails a frequently entails a
name, the year of “delayed, uncontrolled “delayed, uncontrolled
publication, the page repetitive appearance of repetitive appearance of
number, but keep the hallucinations and other hallucinations and other
citation brief—do not intrusive phenomena” intrusive phenomena”
repeat the information. (p.11). (Caruth, 1996, p.11).
Summary
When including the quotation in a summary or
or paraphrase, also provide a page number in parenthesis
after the quotation:

Paraphras According to feminist researchers Raitt and Tate


(1997), “It is no longer true to claim that women's
responses to the war have been ignored” (p. 2).
e
Provide the author’s last name and the
year of publication in parenthesis after Include the author’s name in a signal phrase
a summary or a paraphrase. followed by the year of publication in
For example: Though feminist studies parenthesis.
focus solely on women's experiences, Recently, the history of warfare has been
they err by collectively perpetuating significantly revised by Higonnet et al. (1987),
the masculine-centered impressions Marcus (1989), and Raitt and Tate (1997) to
(Fussell, 1975). include women’s personal and cultural
responses to battle and its resultant traumatic
effects.
Two or more works

When the parenthetical citation includes two or


more works, order them in the same way they
appear in the reference list—the author’s name, the
year of publication—separated by a semi-colon.
(Kachru, 2005; Smith, 2008)
When citing a work with two authors, use “and” in
between authors’ name in the signal phrase yet “&”
between their names in parenthesis.
A work with • According to feminist researchers Raitt and

two authors Tate (1997), “It is no longer true to claim that


women's responses to the war have been
ignored” (p. 2).
• Some feminists' researchers question that
“women's responses to the war have been
ignored” (Raitt & Tate, 1997, p. 2)
A work with more than two authors
A work with three to five A work with six or more
authors authors
● When citing a work with three ● When citing a work with six
to five authors, identify all and more authors, identify
authors in the signal phrase or the first author’s name
in parenthesis. followed by “et al.”
(Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, Smith et al. (2006) maintained
1999)
●
that….
In subsequent citations, only
use the first author's last name
followed by "et al." in the (Smith et al., 2006)
signal phrase or in parentheses.
(Harklau et al., 1993)
The same last name/same author
• When citing authors with the same last names,
use first initials with the last names.
(B. Kachru, 2005; Y. Kachru, 2008)

• When citing two or more works by the same


author published in the same year, use lower-
case letters (a, b, c) with the year of publication
to order the references.

Smith’s (1998a) study of adolescent


immigrants…
Citing organizations or personal communication
Organization Personal Communication
When citing an organization, mention the When citing interviews, letters, e-mails, etc.,
organization the first time when you cite the include the communicator’s name, the fact that it
source in the signal phrase or the parenthetical was personal communication, and the date of the
citation. communication. Do not include personal
The data collected by the Food and Drug communication in the reference list.
Administration (2008) confirmed that…
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her
If the organization has a well-known students had difficulties with APA style
abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
the first time the source is cited and then use only
the abbreviation in later citations. Or,
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
confirmed … (E. Robbins, personal communication,
FDA’s experts tested… January 4, 2001).

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