Attitudes and Values 1

Organisational behaviour
Radhika Kiran Kumar

Attitudes, Values, and
Ethics
Attitudes and Emotions
 Attitudes have three components: cognitive,
affective, and behavioral.
◦ The cognitive component refers to the knowledge or intellectual

beliefs an individual might have about an object.
◦ The feeling or affective component refers to the emotion

connected with that object.
◦ The behavioral component refers to how a person acts. All three

components are interrelated.
 People search for consistency among the components of an

attitude.
Cognitive dissonance is the situation in
which the pieces of knowledge, information,
attitudes, or beliefs held by an individual
are contradictory.
People search for ways to reduce internal conflicts when they

experience a clash between the information they receive and
their actions or attitudes.
Emotions
 An emotion is a feeling such as anger, fear,

joy, or surprise that underlies behavior
 Emotions have three components: internal

arousal, expressive behavior, and a cognitive
appraisal.
Emotions
Managing Emotion
To manage emotion well, managers should create a

friendly emotional climate by setting a positive
example, including serving as a model of healthy
emotional expression. Managers might also include
a positive attitude as one factor in selecting
individuals and teams
Emotional Labor
 We regulate feelings and expressions to meet
organizational goals.
 Surface acting is faked expressions. 
 Deep acting is controlling feelings.
 Emotional dissonance is mismatch between
felt and expressed emotions emotional

exhaustion 
Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
 Attitudes are linked to job satisfaction, the
amount of pleasure or contentment
associated with a job.
 Workers will have high job satisfaction when

they have positive attitudes toward such job
factors as the work itself, recognition, and
the opportunity for advancement.
Job Satisfaction
 One-half of (U.S.) workers have high job
satisfaction.
 Benefits, pay, job security rank high.
 Fun on the job leads to satisfaction.
 High job satisfaction correlates with
organizational performance.
 High organizational performance can lead to
high job satisfaction.

Consequences of Job Satisfaction
Among the consequences of high job satisfaction
are:
 High productivity when the work involves people

contact
 Loyalty to the company (important because of
employee retention)
 A stronger tendency to achieve customer loyalty
 Low absenteeism and turnover
 Less job stress and burnout
 Better safety performance
 Better life satisfaction
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
 A broader consequence of job satisfaction is
that it contributes to organizational
citizenship behavior, or the willingness to
work for the good of the organization even
without the promise of a specific reward
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
(OCB)
 Goes above and beyond call of duty.

 Satisfied workers may show OCB.
 Workers with service orientation and empathy
may engage in OCB.
 High OCB leads to low turnover, and
sometimes work/family conflict.
OCB
 Five key components of organizational
citizenship behavior are:
◦ conscientiousness
◦ altruism
◦ civic virtue
◦ courtesy
◦ sportsmanship.
 The good organizational citizen

engages in extrarole behavior
VALUES
 A value refers to the importance a person
attaches to something that serves as a guide
to action.
Values
 Baby boomers more conservative and
respectful of authority
 Generation X and Generation Y more team-
oriented and tech savvy
 Many values are learned through modeling
and listening
 Employee-employer value fit leads to high
performance
 Poor employee-employer value fit can lead
to person-role conflict.
Types of Values –- Rokeach Value
Survey
Values in
the
Rokeach
Survey
EXHIBIT 3-1a
Values in
the
Rokeach
Survey
(cont’d)
EXHIBIT 3-1b
Mean Value Rankings of
Executives, Union
Members, and Activists
Dominant Work Values in Today’s
Workforce

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Organisational behaviour

Radhika Kiran Kumar

◦ The cognitive component refers to the knowledge or intellectual

◦ The feeling or affective component refers to the emotion

◦ The behavioral component refers to how a person acts. All three

 People search for consistency among the components of an

People search for ways to reduce internal conflicts when they

 An emotion is a feeling such as anger, fear,

 Emotions have three components: internal

To manage emotion well, managers should create a

felt and expressed emotions emotional

 Workers will have high job satisfaction when

high job satisfaction.

 High productivity when the work involves people

 Goes above and beyond call of duty.

 The good organizational citizen

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