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    History and Rules of Swimming

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    Ches
    The document provides a history of swimming including some of the earliest depictions of swimming over 10,000 years ago in Egypt. It discusses the first person to swim the English Channel in 1875 and the introduction of goggles. Swimming became an Olympic sport in 1896 and the butterfly stroke emerged in the 1930s. The dolphin kick gained popularity in the 1980s and open water swimming events were added. The rules of the freestyle and backstroke are also outlined.

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    History and Rules of Swimming

    Uploaded by

    Ches
    459 views19 pages
    The document provides a history of swimming including some of the earliest depictions of swimming over 10,000 years ago in Egypt. It discusses the first person to swim the English Channel in 1875 and the introduction of goggles. Swimming became an Olympic sport in 1896 and the butterfly stroke emerged in the 1930s. The dolphin kick gained popularity in the 1980s and open water swimming events were added. The rules of the freestyle and backstroke are also outlined.

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    swimming history

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    History and rules of swimming

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    The document provides a history of swimming including some of the earliest depictions of swimming over 10,000 years ago in Egypt. It discusses the first person to swim the English Channel in 1875 and the introduction of goggles. Swimming became an Olympic sport in 1896 and the butterfly stroke emerged in the 1930s. The dolphin kick gained popularity in the 1980s and open water swimming events were added. The rules of the freestyle and backstroke are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    459 views19 pages

    History and Rules of Swimming

    Uploaded by

    Ches
    The document provides a history of swimming including some of the earliest depictions of swimming over 10,000 years ago in Egypt. It discusses the first person to swim the English Channel in 1875 and the introduction of goggles. Swimming became an Olympic sport in 1896 and the butterfly stroke emerged in the 1930s. The dolphin kick gained popularity in the 1980s and open water swimming events were added. The rules of the freestyle and backstroke are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    HISTORY OF SWIMMING

    10,000-YEAR-OLD ROCK PAINTINGS OF PEOPLE SWIMMING WERE


    FOUND IN THE CAVE OF SWIMMERS NEAR WADI SURA IN
    SOUTHWESTERN EGYPT. THESE PICTURES SEEM TO
    SHOW BREASTSTROKE OR DOGGY PADDLE, ALTHOUGH IT IS
    ALSO POSSIBLE THAT THE MOVEMENTS HAVE A RITUAL MEANING
    UNRELATED TO SWIMMING. AN EGYPTIAN CLAY SEAL DATED
    BETWEEN 9000 BC AND 4000 BC SHOWS FOUR PEOPLE WHO ARE
    BELIEVED TO BE SWIMMING A VARIANT OF THE FRONT CRAWL.
    CROSSING THE ENGLISH CHANNEL

    In 1875, Matthew Webb ignited public interest in swimming when he


    became the first person to swim across the English Channel. Swimming
    only breaststroke, it took him more than 21 hours to complete this feat.
    Thirty-one years would pass before another person would successfully
    swim across the Channel.
    Thomas Burgess became, on his 14th attempt, the second person ever
    to swim across the English Channel, but he was the very first person to
    do so using helpful yet leaky motorcycle goggles. 1916: Charles J
    Troppman, an American inventor registered the very first patent for 'an
    eye protector or 'goggle.
    WHEN WAS SWIMMING INTRODUCED TO
    THE OLYMPICS?

    Swimming has featured on the programme of all editions of the Games


    since 1896. The very first Olympic events were freestyle (crawl) or
    breaststroke. Backstroke was added in 1904.
    Olympic swimming events were male-only. Women’s events were
    introduced at the 1912 Games in Stockholm – although women initially
    only competed in two events, the 100m freestyle and 4×100m freestyle
    relay.
    David Wilkie became the first swimmer to use goggles in international
    pool competitions, at the 1970 Commonwealth Games. Goggles were
    first allowed at the Olympics in 1976, and many athletes used them in
    preparation at the 1972 Games.
    BUTTERFLY EMERGES AS A NEW STROKE

    As the sport of swimming grew, many swimmers and coaches began


    experimenting with new technique, particularly in an attempt to make
    breaststroke faster. In the 1930s Americans David Armbruster and Jack Sieg
    came up with the double over-the-water arm recovery and the dolphin kick,
    respectively, which combined to form butterfly. It was allowed as an
    alternative form of breaststroke until the 1950s, when it was declared a
    separate stroke. Also in the 1950s, flip turns, or tumbleturns, were first used
    in Olympic competition.
    DOLPHIN KICK

    Since the 1990s, the most drastic change in swimming has been the
    addition of the underwater dolphin kick. This is used to maximize the
    speed at the start and after the turns in all styles. The first successful use of
    it was by David Berkoff. At the 1988 Olympics, he swam most of the
    100 m backstroke race underwater and broke the world record in the
    distance during the preliminaries.
    OPEN WATER

    In open water swimming, where the events are swum in a body of open
    water (lake or sea), there are also 5 km, 10 km and 25 km events for
    men and women. However, only the 10 km event is included in the
    Olympic schedule, again for both men and women. Open-water
    competitions are typically separate to other swimming competitions
    with the exception of the World Championships and the Olympics.
    The first gold medal was won by Alfred Hajos of Hungary in the 100
    m freestyle.
    first-ever women’s Olympic swimming gold medal Fanny Durack of
    Australia in the 100m freestyle
    FASTEST SWIMMER
    Olympic gold-medalist Michael Phelps can swim the 200-meter
    freestyle in approximately 1.42 minutes, which equates to a speed of
    about 4.7 mph (miles per hour) or 7.6 km/h (kilometers per hour).
    A sailfish could cover 200 meters in about 10 seconds!
    RULES OF SWIMMING
    Freestyle or Front Crawl
    Freestyle is not specifically defined the way other strokes are it is
    generally though of as front crawl, but any style could be used,
    including those not considered as competitive strokes. For competitive
    swimming purposes, everyone thinks of freestyle as the front crawl.
    FREESTYLE OR FRONT CRAWL

    1.Freestyle is the fastest way to move from one end of the pool to the other (not counting
    underwater with kicking) and everyone in a freestyle race in the Olympics will use front
    crawl.
    2.In the individual medley and medley relay events, the freestyle portion must be done
    with a style that has not been used already—no backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly.
    3.Freestyle swimmers use an alternating arm action, an alternating leg action, and breath to
    the side.
    4.Freestyle swimmers use a forward start off of a starting block. They might do a few
    dolphin kicks or fish-kicks off the start before they surface and begin to swim.
    5.Freestylers do a flip turn at each wall. They might do a few dolphin
    kicks or fish-kicks off of each wall before they surface and begin to
    swim.
    6.Freestylers finish the race by touching the wall with some part of their
    body, usually one hand.
    7.During a freestyle swim, the swimmer's head must break the surface
    of the water at or before 15-meters from the start and from each turn.
    BACKSTROKE OR BACK CRAWL

    1.The swimmers must have an alternating arm action (and will have an alternating leg action - that
    is the fastest way to swim backstroke)
    2. Backstroke almost looks like upside-down freestyle.
    3. Since a backstroker's face is out of the water most of the time, breathing is easier. Most will use
    a breathing pattern of in on one arm pull, out on the other, or in and out on each pull. Because of
    this greater ease of breathing, backstroke races are often "even-split"—the time it takes to do each
    length is about the same for an Olympic-level swimmers. If they are doing a 200 meter race, it
    might take 30-seconds for the first 50 meters (faster because of the start), then it might take 32-
    seconds for each of following 50 meter portions. They would split the race 30-32-32-32.
    4. Backstroke swimmers start in the water, with their feet against the wall, hands
    holding on to a starting grip. The swimmers must be rotated towards "belly-up"
    when their feet leave the wall, but they might be a little twisted, not 100% "belly-
    up" until they start their arms.
    5. Backstrokers do a flip turn at each wall, and do a few dolphin kicks or fish-
    kicks off the start or off each wall before they surface and begin to swim. The only
    time backstrokers are allowed to be "belly-down" is as they approach a turn. As
    part of the turning movement the swimmers rotates from "belly-up" to "belly-
    down" and then do a flip turn (just like a freestyle flip turn), pushing off the wall
    on their backs ("belly-up").
    6. Backstrokers must finish "belly-up" by touching the wall with some
    part of their body, usually one hand.
    7. During a backstroke swim, the head must break the surface of the
    water at or before 15-meters from the start and from each turn wall.

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