REAL ESTATE

Course: Amanullah Panjwani

Trainer: Real Estate Management
 Real Estate
Real estate is property comprised of land
and the buildings on it as well as the natural
resources of the land including uncultivated
vegetation and animals, farmed crops and
livestock, water and minerals.

 Real estate is "property consisting of land

and the buildings on it, along with its natural
resources such as crops, minerals or water.
 Real Estate.
Land, buildings, and things permanently
attached to land and buildings. Also
called realty and real property. Real
estate is the modern term for land 
 IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
Immovable property is an immovable object, an
item of property that cannot be moved without
destroying or altering it - property that is fixed
to the earth, such as land or a house. In the
United States it is also commercially and legally
known as real estate and in Britain as property.
Immovable property, in the sense used,
commonly refers to real estate (such as your
house, factory, manufacturing plant, etc.) while
movable property refers to movable assets
(such as your computer, jewellery, vehicles, etc.)
 Real Estate
REAL ESTATE is the Land with the
scope of improvement in physical
sense along with the right to own
and use them.
 IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES

MOON DESERTS

HIMALAYA PALM VILLAGE

 Density Per Room

Average national occupancy rate per

home is above six persons and density
per room is 3.5 people, against the
international standard of 1.1 per
room.
Housing Scarcity

 Requirement according to population

 2 crore 60 lac (26 millions)

 Total Number of housing units in Pakistan

1 crore 80 lac (18 millions)

 Shortage
80 lacs (8 millions)
 Housing Scarcity
 the current annual demand of housing in Pakistan is
800,000 units but only 300,000 units are constructed. In
2014 the accumulated shortage of houses is more than
eight million units which will increase to 13.5 million units
in 2025.

Per year increases in demand of houses 800,000 Units

Construction per year 300,000 Units

Demolished per year (Rain, Earthquake, floods)

80,000 Units
Quantity of houses in Pakistan
RCC houses 20 %

Bricks or Mud 40%

Huts or wood 40 %
 Real Estate Appraising

The job of the real estate appraiser is to gather and

evaluate all available facts affecting a property’s value.
 The job requires practical experience, technical
education, and good judgment.
 If you have an analytical mind and like to collect and
interpret data.
 The job combines office work and fieldwork and the
income of an expert appraiser can match that of a top
real estate salesperson.
 There are numerous opportunities to work as a salaried
appraiser for local tax authorities or lending institutions.
 Physical Characteristic Of Land

The physical characteristics of land are

immobility, indestructibility and non
homogeneity.
This combination of characteristic
makes land different from other
commodities and directly and indirectly
influences man’s use of it.
Physical characteristic of land
Immobility:
 A parcel of land cannot be moved.
 It is true that soil, sand and minerals can be moved
by the action of nature or man (digging);
 however, the parcel itself still retains its same
geographical position on the globe. Because land is
immobile.
 A person must go to the land; it can’t be brought to
him.
 Instead the seller gives the buyer a document called a
deed that transfers to the buyers the right to go onto
that land and use it Because land is immobile.
 Physical characteristic of land
Indestructibility: 
Land is indestructible, that is , durable, today one can travel
to the Middle East and walk on the same land that was
walked on in biblical days. Most of the land that we use in the
Sindh today is the same land used by the Arabs a thousand
year ago.
The characteristic of physical durability encourages many
people to buy land as an investment because they feel that
stocks and bonds and paper money may come and go but
land will always be here. Although it is true in physical sense
whether given plot has and will have economic value
depends on ones ability to protect its ownership and on
subsequent demand for that land by others.
Physical characteristic of land
Non homogeneity
 The fact that no two plots of land are exactly alike
because no two parcel can occupy the same position on
the globe is known as non homogeneity.(heterogeneity).
 Although land is non homogeneous, there can still be a
high degree of physical and economical similarity for
example in a city block containing 20 house lots of
identical size and shape there will be a high degree of
similarity even though the lots are still non
homogeneous. Finding similar properties is, in fact the
basis for the market comparison approach to appraising
real estate.
Land Description
Metes and bounds is a system or method
of describing land, real property (in
contrast to personal property) or real
estate. The system has been used in
England for many centuries.
Metes & Bound
Typically the system uses physical features of the
local geography, along with directions and distances,
to define and describe the boundaries of a parcel of
land. The boundaries are described in a running prose
style, working around the parcel in sequence, from a
point of beginning, returning back to the same point.
It may include references to other adjoining parcels
(and their owners), and it, in turn, could also be
referred to in later surveys. At the time the description
is compiled, it may have been marked on the ground
with permanent monuments placed where there were
no suitable natural monuments.
Metes & Bounds
The term "metes" refers to a boundary defined by
the measurement of each straight run, specified
by a distance between the terminal points, and an
orientation or direction. A direction may be a
simple compass bearing, or a precise orientation
determined by accurate survey methods. The
term "bounds" refers to a more general boundary
description, such as along a certain watercourse,
a stone wall, an adjoining public road way, or an
existing building.
Economic characteristics of land

Land scarcity is also influenced by man’s ability to use

land more efficiently. To illustrate, in agriculture areas,
production per acre land has more then double for many
crops since 1947. this is not due to any change in land but
is the result of improved fertilizers and irrigation systems
, better seeds and modern crops management. Likewise
in the urban areas an acre of land that once provide space
for five houses can be converted to-high rise apartments
to provide homes for 100 or more families.
Thus although there is a limited physical amount of land
on the earth surface scarcity is chiefly a function of
demand for land in a given geographic area and the
ability of man to make land more productive
Economic characteristics of land

Modification
Land use and value are greatly influenced
by modification, that is, improvements
made by man to surrounding parcels of
land. For example the construction of an
airport will increase the usefulness and
value of land parallel to runways but will
have a negative effect on the use and value
of land at the ends of runways because of
noise from landing and takeoffs.
Economic characteristics of land

Fixity
The fact that land and buildings and others
improvement to land require long periods
of time to pay for themselves is referred to
as fixity or investment permanence. For
example it may take 20 or 30 years for the
income generated by an apartment or
office building to repay the cost of land and
building plus interest on the money
borrowed to make the purchase. 
 Economic characteristics of land
Situs
 
Situs or location preference refers to location from an economic rather then a
geographic standpoint.
 It has often been said that the single most important word in real estate is
location.
This means the preference of people for a given area. for a residential area,
these preference are the result of natural factors, such as weather , air quality,
scenic views and closeness to natural recreation areas, and of man made
factors , such as job opportunities, transportation facilities, shopping and
schools.
for an industrial area Situs depend on such things as an available labor market
adequate supplies of water, and electricity near by rail lines and highway
access.
In farming areas, Situs depend on soil and whether conditions, water and
labor availability and transportation facility.
 Nature & Description of Land

Land
Land start from the center of earth

Sub-surface right
Under ground markets, basement, mines, drilling
for oil, coal mines
Surface rights
Building of houses, flat, any types of construction.

Air space rights

Mobile towers, radar, Airports, for army, air force,
navy, and communication Purposes
 Types of land

Agriculture land crops/farming

Industrial land small/cottage, large

industrial plots
 Types of land

Residential land plots/flats

Commercial land Patrol pump/CNG
station/shopping center/office building
Amenity land
school/hospital/clinics/mosque/parks/in
stitute/community center
Land for farmhouses poultry farm/dairy
farm/fish farm/duck farm/goat farm/
Govt. owned-land Roads/PS/fire stations
 Conversion Scale
 1 Gunta/Guntha 121 Square yards

1 Acre 4840 Square Yard

40 Ghanta one Acre

Marla ( Residential ) = 25 Square Yard

Marla ( Agriculture ) 30 Square yard

500 Square Yard

Kanal ( Residential )
600 Square Yard
Kanal ( Agriculture )
Yard
9 square feet
 MEASUREMENT OF PLOTS
COMMERCIAL 

COMMERCIAL :
 Word “S” means commercial category

LS- 80- S/yard Shop/Res

RS-120 S/yard Shop/Res
AS-200 S/yard Shop/Building
SB-400 S/Yard Shop/Building
ST- ??????? Amenity
PB-??????? Public Building
PP-??????? Patrol Pump
FL-More than a acre Flat Site
 Sizes Of Plots
N 60 yards

L 80 YARDS

R 120 yards 24X45

A 200 or 240 yards 36X60

B 400 yards 45X80

C 600 yards 54X100

D 1000 yards 75X120

E 1500 yards

F 2000 YARD
CDA Plot Sizes

No. in Sq. Ft. Sq. Yds. Marlas

20 X 40 89 3.55
30 X 30 100 4
25 X 40 111 4.44
30 X 40 134 5.33
25 X 50 139 5.55
25 X 53 155 5.88
20 X 70 156 6.22
25 X 60 167 6.66
30 X 50 167 6.66
30 X 55 183 7.33
30 X 60 200 8
35 X 60 233.3 9.33
25 X 65 252.7 7.22
30 X 70 234 9.33
35 X 70 272 10.88
35 X 75 292 11.66
35 X 90 311 14
40 X 70 311 12.44
40 X 80 354 14.22
50 X 90 500 20 = 1 Kanal
50 X 100 555 22.22 = 1.11 Kanal
60 X 90 600 24 = 1.2 Kanal
60 X 100 667 26.66 = 1.3 Kanal
80 X 100 889 35.55 = 1.7 Kanal
75 X 120 1000 40 = 2 Kanals

** 1 Marla = 225 Sq Feet.

** 1 Kanal = 20 Marlas
 APPRAISE

To estimate the value of something

REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL

Market Comparison
Approaches

Cost Comparison
Approaches

Income Comparison
Approaches
Market Comparison Approaches
R-124/2500000 R- R-126/2900000
One year 125/2800000 One Month
Six Month

R-127/ ????
 Cost approach

Construction cost-Rs:1500/feet
Construction Cost-2000/Feet

Construction Cost-1700/feet
 Income Approach
The third approach is to consider only the
amount of net income that the property can
reasonably be expected to produce for its
owner plus any anticipated price increase or
decrease.
This is the income approach.
Thank You