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BDA3073 - 11 Bode Plot

The document provides instructions for constructing Bode plots. It explains the four steps: [1] rewriting the transfer function, [2] separating it into parts, [3] drawing each part's Bode diagram, and [4] combining the results. Key points include rewriting the transfer function with unity terms, separating it into components like constants and poles, and using rules to determine each component's magnitude and phase slopes and break frequencies.

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Ahmad Faidhi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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246 views26 pages

BDA3073 - 11 Bode Plot

The document provides instructions for constructing Bode plots. It explains the four steps: [1] rewriting the transfer function, [2] separating it into parts, [3] drawing each part's Bode diagram, and [4] combining the results. Key points include rewriting the transfer function with unity terms, separating it into components like constants and poles, and using rules to determine each component's magnitude and phase slopes and break frequencies.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Faidhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Try This!

Sketch a root locus for a control system with unity feedback

1
G ( s)  2
s s  3s  2  
rlocus command
Sisotool
Frequency Response Methods

Bode Plot Construction


Bode diagram
Advantages of Bode plots:
 Multiplication of magnitudes can be converted into addition by
virtue of the definition of logarithmic gain.
 Straight-line asymptotes are simple to be used for sketching an
approximate log-magnitude curve.

The use of a logarithmic scale for the frequency is a more judicious


choice than a linear scale of frequency as this expands the low
frequency range, which is more important in practical systems.
An interval of two frequencies with a
ratio equal to 10 is called a decade.
The slope of the asymptotic line in the
figure is -20dB/decade.
Rules for Constructing Bode Plot
To draw Bode Plot there are four steps:

1.Rewrite the transfer function in proper form.

2.Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts.

3.Draw the Bode diagram for each part.

4.Draw the overall Bode diagram by adding up the results from part
3.
1.Rewrite the transfer function in proper form.

 Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and


denominator unity.

Example 1:
2.Separate the transfer function into its constituent
parts.
 The next step is to split up the function into its constituent
parts.  There are seven types of parts:

1. A constant
2. Poles at the origin
3. Zeros at the origin
4. Real Poles
5. Real Zeros
6. Complex conjugate poles
7. Complex conjugate zeros
2.Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts.

Example 2:

This function has a constant of 2, 


a zero at s=-10, and  poles at s=-3 and s=-50.
3.Draw the Bode diagram for each part.
3.Draw the Bode diagram for each part.

Cont’d
Draw Bode Plot Procedure
Magnitude Phase
1
n
 s  0 db
Slope= -90n
  -20n db/dec
 b
b

Magnitude
n Phase
 s  Slope=
  0 db +90n
 b +20n db/dec
b
Draw Bode Plot Procedure
Magnitude 0 Phase
1
n 0 db
 s  Slope= b
  1  -20n db/dec
b
 b 
-90n
b

b
n Magnitude Phase +90n
 s 
  1 
 b  Slope=
+20n db/dec b
0 db
b 0
Draw Bode Plot Procedure
1 Magnitude 0 Phase
n 0 db
 s  2 1  s   Slope=
b
       1 b -40n db/dec
 b  Q  b  
-180n
b

b
Magnitude Phase +180n
n
 s  1  s  
2

       1
 b  Q  b  
Slope=
0 db +40n db/dec b
b 0
Bode Plot Procedure
 The following example illustrates this procedure:
1000  s   20  s  200 
G  s 
 2  s  2    s  50  2  7500 
1.Rewrite the transfer function in proper form.

2.Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts.


1) Put in break frequency format:
 s 
200000  s    1
1000  s   20  s  200   10 
G  s  
 2  s  2    s  50  2  7500   2  s  2    s 2  100  s  10000 
 s   s 
100000  s    1 10  s    1
  10    10 
s   s  2

  1   s  100  s  10000    1  
2 s 1 s
    1
1  1   100  1 100 
Bode Plot Procedure
3.Draw the Bode diagram for each part.
4) Create the preliminary Magnitude plot of:

   s 1  
 s   1   10   1

G  s             10 
s
 1   1  1    s 
2
1 s 
1          1 
  100  1 100 
Bode Plot Procedure

4.Draw the overall Bode diagram by adding up the results from part 3.
Check your AnsWer!

 Step 2: Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts.

 The transfer function has 2 components:


 A constant of 3.3
 A pole at s= -30
Bode Plot Procedure
6) Create
Create the Phase
the Phase Plot plot of:
   s 1  
 
 s   1   10   1
G  s             10 
 1   s 1  1    s  1 s
2

1     
   100  1 100 1
Bode Plot Procedure
The Phase plot compared to the computer generated plot then becomes:
B LE
STA
BLE
LE S TA
TA B
S

BLE
S TA
Try This!
Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:
                         

REMEMBER the four steps:

1.Rewrite the transfer function in proper form.

2.Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts.

3.Draw the Bode diagram for each part.

4.Draw the overall Bode diagram by adding up the results from part 3.
Check your AnsWer!

 Step 1: Rewrite the transfer function in proper


form.  

 Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and


denominator unity.  The numerator is an order 0
polynomial, the denominator is order 1.
Check your AnsWer!
 Step 3: Draw the Bode diagram for each part.
 The constant is the cyan line (A quantity
of 3.3 is equal to 10.4 dB).  The phase is
constant at 0 degrees.

 The pole at 30 rad/sec is the blue line.  It


is 0 dB up to the break frequency, then
drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. 
The phase is 0 degrees up to 1/10 the
break frequency (3 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times
the break frequency (300 rad/sec).

 Step 4:  Draw the overall Bode diagram by


adding up the results from step 3.
 The overall asymptotic plot is the
translucent pink line, the exact response
is the black line.

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