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Structure of A C Program

This document summarizes key concepts about expressions in C programming, including the six categories of expressions and how they are evaluated based on precedence and associativity rules. It also discusses side effects in expression evaluation and type conversion. Examples of expressions and programs are provided to demonstrate postfix, prefix, unary, binary, and compound expressions. The objectives are to understand expression evaluation and be able to predict expression results.

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50 views35 pages

Structure of A C Program

This document summarizes key concepts about expressions in C programming, including the six categories of expressions and how they are evaluated based on precedence and associativity rules. It also discusses side effects in expression evaluation and type conversion. Examples of expressions and programs are provided to demonstrate postfix, prefix, unary, binary, and compound expressions. The objectives are to understand expression evaluation and be able to predict expression results.

Uploaded by

sumalathaprakash
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Structure of a C Program
Objectives
❏ To be able to list and describe the six expression categories
❏ To understand the rules of precedence and associativity in
evaluating expressions
❏ To understand the result of side effects in expression evaluation
❏ To be able to predict the results when an expression is evaluated
❏ To understand implicit and explicit type conversion
❏ To understand and use the first four statement types: null,
expression, return, and compound

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C 1


3-1 Expressions
An expression is a sequence of operands and operators
that reduces to a single value. Expressions can be
simple or complex. An operator is a syntactical token
that requires an action be taken. An operand is an
object on which an operation is performed; it receives
an operator’s action.
Topics discussed in this section:
Primary Expressions
Postfix Expressions
Prefix Expressions
Unary Expressions
Binary Expressions
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Note
An expression always reduces to a single value.

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FIGURE 3-1 Expression Categories

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FIGURE 3-2 Postfix Expressions

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Note
(a++) has the same effect as (a = a + 1)

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FIGURE 3-3 Result of Postfix a++

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Note
The operand in a postfix expression must be a variable.

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PROGRAM 3-1 Demonstrate Postfix Increment

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PROGRAM 3-1 Demonstrate Postfix Increment (continued)

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FIGURE 3-4 Prefix Expression

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Note
The operand of a prefix expression must be a variable.

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FIGURE 3-5 Result of Prefix ++a

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Note
(++a) has the same effect as (a = a + 1)

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PROGRAM 3-2 Demonstrate Prefix Increment

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PROGRAM 3-2 Demonstrate Prefix Increment (continued)

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Note
If ++ is after the operand, as in a++, the increment takes
place after the expression is evaluated.

If ++ is before the operand, as in ++a, the increment


takes place before the expression is evaluated.

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FIGURE 3-6 Unary Expressions

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Table 3-1 Examples of Unary Plus And Minus Expressions

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FIGURE 3-7 Binary Expressions

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Note
Both operands of the modulo operator (%) must
be integral types.

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PROGRAM 3-3 Binary Expressions

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PROGRAM 3-3 Binary Expressions (continued)

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PROGRAM 3-3 Binary Expressions (continued)

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Note
The left operand in an assignment expression must be a
single variable.

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Table 3-2 Expansion of Compound Expressions

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PROGRAM 3-4 Demonstration of Compound Assignments

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PROGRAM 3-4 Demonstration of Compound Assignments

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PROGRAM 3-4 Demonstration of Compound Assignments

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3-2 Precedence and Associativity

Precedence is used to determine the order in which


different operators in a complex expression are
evaluated. Associativity is used to determine the order
in which operators with the same precedence are
evaluated in a complex expression.

Topics discussed in this section:


Precedence
Associativity

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PROGRAM 3-5 Precedence

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PROGRAM 3-5 Precedence

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FIGURE 3-8 Left-to-Right Associativity

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FIGURE 3-9 Right-to-Left Associativity

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