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Database System: Nasreen Akhtar Fast-Nu Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus

The document discusses relational database constraints including domain, entity integrity, referential integrity, and key constraints. It also covers displaying relational database schemas and constraints using attributes, primary keys, foreign keys, and arrows.

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waleed amjad
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23 views7 pages

Database System: Nasreen Akhtar Fast-Nu Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus

The document discusses relational database constraints including domain, entity integrity, referential integrity, and key constraints. It also covers displaying relational database schemas and constraints using attributes, primary keys, foreign keys, and arrows.

Uploaded by

waleed amjad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database System

Nasreen akhtar
FAST-NU
Chiniot-Faisalabad campus
Lecture 4

 Relational Data Model.


 Relational Database Constraints.
 Relational Data Model Constraints.
 Relational Data base Schema
Relational Integrity Constraints
 Constraints: conditions that must hold on all valid relation
states.
 Integrity: Overall completeness, accuracy and consistency of
data.
 There are Four main types of constraints in the relational
model:
 Domain constraint
 Entity integrity constraints
 Referential integrity constraints
 Key constraints
Relational Integrity Constraints
 Domain Constraint
 Every value in a tuple must be from the domain of its attribute (or it could be
null, if allowed for that attribute)
 The value of an attribute is limited to its domain.
 A domain can impose rules on both formats and valid value ranges.
 A salary value cannot be negative
 2006-02-15 is an incorrect address.
 2006-02-29 is an incorrect date.
 Something must be wrong with a present employee born in 1800-01-01.
 An employee’s name cannot be NULL.
 This is called the NOT NULL constraint.
Relational Integrity Constraints
 Entity integrity Constraint:
The entity integrity constraint states that primary keys can't be null.
There must be a proper value in the primary key field.
This is because the primary key value is used to identify individual rows in a table.

 Referential Integrity Constraint:


 A referential integrity constraint is defined as part of an association between two
entity types
 If a foreign key exists in a relation, then it must match with primary key value in
some relation.

 Key Constraints:
Specify that any tuple should not repeated in same relation
Displaying a relational database schema
and its constraints
 Each relation schema can be displayed as a row of attribute
names
 The name of the relation is written above the attribute
names
 The primary key attribute (or attributes) will be underlined
 A foreign key (referential integrity) constraints is displayed
as a directed arc (arrow) from the foreign key attributes to
the referenced table
 Can also point the primary key of the referenced relation for
clarity

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