Scribd
Upload
46 views18 pages

Enhanced Entity Relationship Model: IS 2511 - Fundamentals of Database Systems

The document discusses the enhanced entity relationship (EER) model. The EER model includes all concepts from the ER model and adds subclasses, superclasses, attribute and relationship inheritance. Subclasses inherit attributes and relationships from their superclass. The document provides examples of subclasses like teacher and student inheriting from a person superclass. It also describes constraints like disjointness, which specifies if subclasses must be mutually exclusive, and completeness, whether subclasses totally or partially account for instances of the superclass.

Uploaded by

jake dossry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views18 pages

Enhanced Entity Relationship Model: IS 2511 - Fundamentals of Database Systems

The document discusses the enhanced entity relationship (EER) model. The EER model includes all concepts from the ER model and adds subclasses, superclasses, attribute and relationship inheritance. Subclasses inherit attributes and relationships from their superclass. The document provides examples of subclasses like teacher and student inheriting from a person superclass. It also describes constraints like disjointness, which specifies if subclasses must be mutually exclusive, and completeness, whether subclasses totally or partially account for instances of the superclass.

Uploaded by

jake dossry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

IS 2511 – Fundamentals of Database Systems

Module 4:
Enhanced Entity Relationship Model
Overview
◉ We learned that:

1. A DMBS will allow us to create and manage databases.

2. We can query the database (retrieve data from tables in the database).

3. We can update the database (change, add, or delete data from tables in the
database).

4. We can use SQL to perform operations on the database

5. We can complete a conceptual design of the database using the ER model.


This chapter
◉ Enhanced Entity Relationship Model

◉ EER model includes all modeling concepts of the ER model


◉ In addition, EER includes:
1. Subclasses and superclasses
2. Specialization and generalization
3. Attribute and relationship inheritance
4. Category or union type (not covered here)

◉ The EER is not as popular as the ER model


Subclasses and Superclasses
◉ Subclass entity inherits all attributes and relationships of superclass
◉ Example:

Superclass
Person

Teacher Student
Subclasses
1. Subclasses and Superclasses

Teacher and Name Address


Student inherit
all attributes
Superclass
from Person Person

d
Salary
GPA

Teacher Student
Supclasses
1. Subclasses and Superclasses

Teacher and Name Address Assuming that teachers and students

Student inherit have to register their cars so they can


park on campus

all attributes and


relationships Person Register Car

d
Salary
GPA

Teacher Student
1. Subclasses and Superclasses
◉ Specialization: Process of defining a set of subclasses of an entity type.

◉ Generate subclasses from one entity type

◉ Ex #1: Employee -> programmer, developer, manager..

◉ Ex #2: TV Show -> Drama series, talk show, reality show..

◉ Certain attributes may apply to some but not all entities of the superclass
Subclasses and Superclasses
Subclasses and Superclasses
◉ Generalization: Process of defining a generalized entity type from the given
entity types

◉ Generate a superclass from multiple entity types

◉ Ex #1: Books, video games -> products

◉ Ex #2: Trucks, cars -> vehicles


2. Constraints on Specialization and Generalization
◉ Disjointness constraint: Specify if the subclasses of the specialization must be
disjointed.

Two options:
◉ Disjointness: Can be either an entity of the subclass ‘A’ or the subclass ‘B’.
◉ Overlapping: Can be both an entity of the subclass ‘A’ and the subclass ‘B’
Disjointness constraint -> Disjointness

X X X X X X
X X

‘d’ for disjointed


d

An employee can either be


a mechanic or a sales
person but not both
Disjointness constraint -> Overlapping

O for overlapping
o

An Author can be both an


article author an a book
author
2. Constraints on Specialization and Generalization
◉ Completeness constraint: Total or partial

Two options:
◉ Total: Each entity (instance) of the superclass entity type has to be an entity of at
least one of the subclasses
◉ Partial: Entities of the superclass entity type do not have to be an entity of at least
one the subclasses
Completeness constraint -> Total participation

A student has to be d
current, graduated, or
incomplete.

Why d?
Completeness constraint -> Partial participation

A gym member may o


register for cardio,
swimming or weightlifting
classes but doesn’t have to.

Why o?
Summary on constraints
Summary on constraints
◉ Four types of constraints:
1. Disjoint Total
2. Disjoint Partial
3. Overlap Total
4. Overlap Partial
Summary on EER
◉ EER has features proposed to improve the ER

◉ Other features exist (not only the ones explained here)

◉ Not as popular or as well known as the ER

You might also like