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Selection of Materials

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting materials for engineering applications. Key factors include desired physical and mechanical properties, ability to manufacture the material into the desired shape, economic viability, and environmental friendliness. Tradeoffs between these factors are often required. Materials selection is illustrated by comparing the weights of bicycle frames made of different materials while keeping the frame volume constant. Important properties for temperature indicators include different coefficients of thermal expansion and sufficient modulus of elasticity.

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Arif Istiaque Farhan
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100 views11 pages

Selection of Materials

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting materials for engineering applications. Key factors include desired physical and mechanical properties, ability to manufacture the material into the desired shape, economic viability, and environmental friendliness. Tradeoffs between these factors are often required. Materials selection is illustrated by comparing the weights of bicycle frames made of different materials while keeping the frame volume constant. Important properties for temperature indicators include different coefficients of thermal expansion and sufficient modulus of elasticity.

Uploaded by

Arif Istiaque Farhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MSE 1101

Selection of Materials in
View of Service
Lecture Topic 2
12 February, 2019
Materials Design & Selection

• When a material is designed for a given application, a number of


factors must be considered.
• The material must possess the desired physical and mechanical properties.
• It must be capable of being processed or manufactured into the desired shape.

• It must provide an economical solution to the design problem.


• Additionally, the selection should be made in a manner that is environment
friendly —perhaps by encouraging recycling of the materials.
Materials Selection
• In meeting these design requirements, the engineer may have to
make a number of tradeoffs in order to produce a serviceable, yet
marketable product.
Materials Selection
• As an example, we must consider the density
of the material, or its weight-per-unit volume,
in our design and selection (Table 1).
Aluminum may cost more per pound than
steel.
• But it is only one-third the weight of steel.
Although parts made from aluminum may
have to be thicker, the aluminum part may be
less expensive than the one made from steel
because of the weight difference.
Illustrative Example
• Bicycle frames are made using steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys containing
aluminum and vanadium, and carbon-fiber composites.
• (a) If a steel-frame bicycle weighs 30 pounds, what will be the weight of the
frame assuming we use aluminum, titanium, and a carbon-fiber composite to
make the frame in such a way that the volume of frame (the diameter of the
tubes) is constant?
• (b) What other considerations can come into play in designing bicycle frames?
Example
If a steel-frame bicycle weighs 30 pounds, what will be the weight of the frame for
Al alloy, Ti alloy and CFRC?

Note: The densities of steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and carbon-fiber
composite can be assumed to be 7.8, 2.7, 4.5, and 1.85 g/cm3
Example
• (b) The other factors for bicycle designs might be the following:
•Stiffness (Al is relatively softer than steel)
•Toughness (CFRC is brittle)
•Corrosion Resistance
•Cost
Service Factors Regarding Environment
• Temperature
Changes in temperature dramatically alter the properties of materials. High
temperatures change the structure of ceramics and cause polymers to melt or char.
Very low temperatures, at the other extreme, may cause a metal or polymer to fail in
a brittle manner, even though the applied loads are low.
• Corrosion
Most metals and polymers react with oxygen or other gases, particularly at elevated
temperatures. Metals and ceramics may disintegrate and polymers and nonoxide
ceramics may oxidize. Materials are also attacked by corrosive liquids, leading to
premature failure. In space applications, we may have to consider the effects of the
presence of radiation, the presence of atomic oxygen, and the impact from debris.
Service Factors Regarding Environment
• Fatigue
When we do load and unload the material thousands of times, small cracks may
begin to develop and materials fail as these cracks grow. This is known as fatigue
failure.
• Strain Rate
Pulling slowly or fast…The level of strain should also be considered.
Example 2
• Temperature indicators are sometimes produced from a coiled metal
strip that uncoils a specific amount when the temperature increases.
How does this work; from what kind of material would the indicator
be made; and what are the important properties that the material in
the indicator must possess?

• Different coefficients of thermal expansion


• Highly enough modulus of elasticity
End for Today

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