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Density

Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a given volume, and can be used to compare substances and predict if objects will float or sink. The density of solids and liquids is calculated by measuring their mass and volume, while the density of gases must account for changes in temperature and pressure and is typically measured under standard temperature and pressure conditions. Understanding density allows for comparisons of materials and predictions about phenomena like gases rising or sinking in air based on their relative densities.

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Minahil Waqar
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117 views16 pages

Density

Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a given volume, and can be used to compare substances and predict if objects will float or sink. The density of solids and liquids is calculated by measuring their mass and volume, while the density of gases must account for changes in temperature and pressure and is typically measured under standard temperature and pressure conditions. Understanding density allows for comparisons of materials and predictions about phenomena like gases rising or sinking in air based on their relative densities.

Uploaded by

Minahil Waqar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DENSITY

DENSITY
• Density of a substance is the measure of the amount of matter that is present in a certain volume of it
• Density is the mass per unit volume of a material:
• Objects made from low-density materials typically have a low mass, whilst similar-sized objects made from high-
density materials have a high mass
(Think of how heavy a bag full of feathers is compared to a similar bag full of metal)
• Density is related to mass and volume by the following equation:
• The units of density can be: kg/m3 or g/cm3
COMPARING DENSITIES

1. Arrange the materials in Table 13.1 in order of


density, starting with the least dense material
2. Which is heavier, 1m3 of steel or 1m3 of
aluminium?
3. Which is heavier, 1kg of steel or 1kg of cork?
MEASURING THE DENSITY OF A
RECTANGULAR SOLID
 The mass of the block is found by placing the block on a balance and reading the scale
 The mass in grams is recorded

 The volume is found by multiplying the length, width and height of the block together (value is in cm 3)
 The density of the material is found by dividing the mass by the volume and expressing the quantity in
g/cm3
Draw figure 13.2 on page 171
on your notebooks
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
4. A block of material is 8 cm long, 2 cm wide and 3 cm high, and has a mass of
46g. What is the density?

5.
a) Convert the value you found for the density in Q4 to kg/m3
b) Compare the density of the material in the block with those in Table 13.1.
Which materials in the table have densities closest to that of the block?
c) How could you convert the value of a density given in kg/m3 to g/cm3?
MEASURING THE DENSITY OF AN IRREGULARLY
SHAPED SOLID
 The mass of the object is found by placing it on a top-pan balance
 The volume is found by pouring water into a measuring cylinder until it is about
half full
 The volume of the water is read on the scale and then the object is lowered into
the water on a thin string
 When the object is completely immersed in water, the volume of the water is
read again and recorded
 The volume of the object is found by subtracting the first reading from the
second.
 The density of the pebble is found by dividing the mass of the object by its
volume
Draw figure 13.3 on page 172
on your notebooks
PINK BOX QUESTION

6. The mass of a pebble was 88.4g. The original volume of water in


the measuring cylinder was 50 cm3 and the combined volume of
water and pebble was 84cm3. What is the density of the rock in the
pebble?
MEASURING THE DENSITY OF A LIQUID
 An empty measuring cylinder is put on a balance and its mass is found (A)

 The liquid is poured into the measuring cylinder and its volume measured (V)

 The mass of the measuring cylinder and the liquid is found (B)

 The mass of the liquid is found by subtracting A from B

 The density of the liquid is calculated by dividing the mass of the liquid by its volume:

 Density = (B-A)//V
FLOATING AND SINKING
• In general, an object will float in a liquid if the average density of that object is
less than the density of the liquid it is placed in
• Water, for example, has a density of about 1 g/cm3
• If an object has a density of less than 1 g/cm 3 then it will float in water
• If an object has a density that is greater than 1 g/cm 3 then it will sink in water
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
7. When paraffin oil and water are poured into a container they separate and
the paraffin oil forms a layer on top of the water. When water and mercury are
mixed the water forms a layer on top of the mercury.
a) What can you conclude from these two observations?
b) What do you predict would happen if water and corn oil were mixed
together?
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
8. What do you think would happen if the following solids were placed in
water?
a) Expanded polystyrene
b) Polythene
c) Perspex
Explain your answers.
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
9. What do you think would happen if the following solids were placed in
mercury?
a) Steel
b) Gold
c) Lead
Explain your answers.
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
10. Why do you think the temperature of water is shown when
the value of its density is given?

11. Most people can just about float in water. What does this tell
you about the density of the human body?

12. When salt is dissolved in water the solution that is produced


has a greater density than pure water. An object that floats on
pure water is shown in the image. When it is placed in salt
solution do you predict that it will rise higher in the solution than
it did in pure water, or sink lower?
DENSITY OF GASES
• The mass of a round-bottomed flask with its stopper pipe and closed clip is
found by placing it on a sensitive top-pan balance
• The flask is then attached to a vacuum pump and the air is removed from the
flask and the clip is closed
• The mass of evacuated flask, stopper, pipe and closed clip is found by placing it
back on the balance.
• The mass of the air in the flask os found by subtracting the second reading
from the first
• The volume of the air removed is found by opening the clip under water so
that water enters to replace the vaccum. The water is then poured into a
measuring cylinder to find the volume
PINK BOX QUESTIONS
13. How is the process of finding the mass of a gas different from that of finding
the mass of a liquid? Why is this difference necessary?

14. How can gas density be used to explain why hydrogen rises in air and carbon
dioxide sinks?
DENSITY OF GASES
 The density of a gas changes as its temperature and pressure change
 The densities of gases are compared by measuring them at the same temperature and pressure
 This is called the standard temperature and pressure (STP)
 The standard temperature is 0oC
 The standard pressure of a gas is the pressure that will support 760mm of mercury in a vertical tube
 When two gases meet, the less dense gas rises about the denser gas

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