Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 107 views

    Introduction To Raw Materials: Cotton Fiber Wool Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Deepti Chopra
    This document provides an introduction to raw textile materials. It discusses the basic components of textiles including fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Fibers can be classified as either staple fibers which are short in length, or filament fibers which are continuous. Common textile manufacturing methods like weaving and knitting are also overviewed. The document concludes with descriptions of different fabric directions including grain, cross grain, bias and selvedge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction To Raw Materials: Cotton Fiber Wool Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Deepti Chopra
    107 views19 pages
    This document provides an introduction to raw textile materials. It discusses the basic components of textiles including fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Fibers can be classified as either staple fibers which are short in length, or filament fibers which are continuous. Common textile manufacturing methods like weaving and knitting are also overviewed. The document concludes with descriptions of different fabric directions including grain, cross grain, bias and selvedge.

    Original Title

    Textiles

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to raw textile materials. It discusses the basic components of textiles including fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Fibers can be classified as either staple fibers which are short in length, or filament fibers which are continuous. Common textile manufacturing methods like weaving and knitting are also overviewed. The document concludes with descriptions of different fabric directions including grain, cross grain, bias and selvedge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    107 views19 pages

    Introduction To Raw Materials: Cotton Fiber Wool Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Deepti Chopra
    This document provides an introduction to raw textile materials. It discusses the basic components of textiles including fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Fibers can be classified as either staple fibers which are short in length, or filament fibers which are continuous. Common textile manufacturing methods like weaving and knitting are also overviewed. The document concludes with descriptions of different fabric directions including grain, cross grain, bias and selvedge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    INTRODUCTION TO RAW

    MATERIALS

    Cotton Fiber Wool Fiber


    Textiles

    A term originally applied to woven fabrics,


    generally applied to fibers, yarn, fabrics or
    products made of fibers, yarn or fabrics.
    Most of us take textile products for granted
    not realizing how they are interwoven in our
    daily lives. We all are aware of clothing as a
    textile product but the draperies we use for
    privacy and warmth, the carpeting we walk
    upon, the bandages we use for injuries.
    Fiber
    A fiber is the smallest unit of the textile
    material, which can be made into a fabric by
    the various methods of fabric construction
    such as weaving, knitting, etc.
    Yarn

    As assemblage of fibers, twisted or laid


    together so as to form continuous strand that
    can be, made into textile fabric.
    Fabric

    A planar substance constructed from fibers,


    yarns, solutions or any combination of these.
    On the basis of length, the fibers are
    classified into:-

    1. Staple fibers
    2. Filament fibers
    Staple Fibers

    It is the name given to fibers, which are


    limited in length. To make a yarn of
    continuous length with staple fibers, they
    are twisted together and the twist provides a
    force and binds the pieces of fibers
    together. For e.g. cotton, that is why cotton
    clothes are not long lasting.
    Filament Fibers

    Filament is the name given to a fiber of


    continuous length, which is long enough to
    be used in a fabric without increasing its
    length by twisting additional fibers. For e.g.
    silk, the cocoon of a silk worm can contain
    up to 3000 meters of continuous thin
    filaments.
    Types of Fabric Manufacturing
    Weaving

     The interlacing of warp and weft yarns at right


    angles (90 degrees) to each other, results to
    fabric construction is known as weaving.
     Warp:- In the weaving operation the
    lengthwise yarns, which run from the back to
    the front of the loom form the basic structure
    of the fabric is called warp.

     Weft:- The cross wise yarns are the filling


    also referred to as the weft or woof.
    Knitting

    Knitting is the formation of a fabric by the


    interlooping of one or more sets of yarns.
    Knitting has been the traditional method of
    producing items for example: sweaters,
    hosiery, baby blankets etc.
    Felts & Non wovens

    Felts and non wovens are those fabrics which


    are formed directly from fibers. This is an art
    of producing fibers matted together, began
    before spinning and weaving were invented.
    Direction of the Fabric
     Grain:- It refers to the direction of thread. It is the direction of
    a fabric. It may be a lengthwise or a cross-wise yarn. The
    yarn can also be at bias. It is the direction in which a fabric is
    placed.
     On Grain:- When the yarn runs lengthwise it is referred to
    as- on grain. On grain refers to the direction in which the
    yarn runs, that is it runs, lengthwise.

     Cross Grain:- When the yarn runs along the width of the
    fabric it is referred to as cross grain. Cross grain refers to the
    direction in which the yarn runs, that is it runs widthwise.
     Bias:- It is a 45 degree diagonal of a fabric. The area
    is used where extra ease is required. Bias helps
    maximum utilization of fabric; it saves wastage of
    cloth.
     Selvedge:- It is the narrow woven border on the
    lengthwise yarn, at the edge of the fabric. It is the
    interlacement of the warp and the weft. That is, the
    lengthwise and widthwise yarns need to be interlaced
    at the edge so that the cloth does not get withered.
    This interlaced portion that runs along the length of
    the fabric is known as selvedge.

    You might also like