UNIT 8: THE INTERNET - 1

EMAIL AND NEWSGROUP

LET’S WARM UP

Server router mainframe

ISP network
QUESTION 1: WHICH DEVICE USES FOR SELECTING THE BEST
ROUTE TO SEND DATA FROM ONE NETWORK TO ANOTHER

Router: is a networking device that forwards data packet between

computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions
on the Internet. Data packet is typically forwarded from one router to
another router through the network that constitute an Internetwork
until it reach the destination
QUESTION 2: WHICH IS THE SPECIALIST COMPUTER
THAT PROVIDES A SERVICE TO A NETWORK

Server: is a special computer that provides

functionality for other computers or
devices, called “client”
QUESTIONS 3: WHICH IS A COMPANY THAT
PROVIDES INTERNET ACCESS?

ISP (Internet service provider): is an

organization that provides services for
accessing, using, or participating in the
Internet
QUESTION 4: WHICH IS A LARGE MULTI-USER COMPUTER FOR
PROCESSING VERY LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA?

Mainframe: is a large multi-user

computer used for processing
very large amounts of data
QUESTION 5: WHAT IS THE NAME OF A SYSTEM THAT CONTAINING
COMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER TO SHARE HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE?

Computer network: 2 or more computers linked

together to shareboth hardware and software
WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

• The Internet is a global network of

billions of computers and other
electronic devices.
WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB?

• The World Wide Web – is a collection of

different websites you can access through
the Internet. A website is made up of
related text, images, and other resources.
• The purpose of a website: a news
platform, an advertisement, an online
library, a forum for sharing images.
HOW DOES THE INTERNET WORK?

• When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to a Server. A
server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive.
Once the request arrives, the server retrieves the website and sends the correct data back
to your computer.
OTHER THINGS YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET

• One of the best features of the Internet is

the ability to communicate almost
instantly with anyone in the
world. Email is one of the oldest and
most universal ways to communicate and
share information on the Internet, and
billions of people use it.
 NEWSGROU
EMAIL P
 NEWSGROU
EMAIL P
TYPICAL EMAIL ADDRESS

[email protected]

User name
Domain

Type of
organization

Country
TYPICAL EMAIL ADDRESS

[email protected]

User name
Domain

Type of
organization
Country
TYPES OF AND COUNTRIES
ORGANIZATIONS
com or co Commercial organization vn Vietnam

edu/ ac au Australia
Education/ academy

gov Government ca Canada

int International organizations ch Switzerland

mil Military de Germany

Network provider es Spain

net

fr France
org Not-for-profit and other organizations
it Italy
 QUICK TEST
WHOSE EMAIL ADDRESSES
1. [email protected] a. A UN organization based in Italy

2. [email protected] b. A UN politician Match the

addresses to the
3. [email protected] c. A Swedish charity list of users

4. [email protected] d. A student at a French university

5. [email protected] e. A news programme on a public broadcasting service in the UK

6. [email protected] f. An Italian wine co-operative

[email protected] g. A military organization based in the US

8. [email protected] h. An ISP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
c a e b f h g d
INVALID EMAIL ADDRESSES
Email addresses
Abc.example.com  no @ character
A@b@[email protected]  only one @ is allowed outside quotation marks
a"b(c)d,e:f;g<h>i[j\k][email protected]  none of the special characters in this local-part are
allowed outside quotation marks
just"not"[email protected]  quoted strings must be dot separated or the only
element making up the local-part
this is"not\[email protected]  spaces, quotes, and backslashes may only exist
when within quoted strings and preceded by a
backslash
this\ still\"not\\[email protected]  even if escaped (preceded by a backslash), spaces,
quotes, and backslashes must still be contained by
quotes
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901 local part is longer than 64 characters
[email protected] 
 NEWSGROU
EMAIL P
EMAIL
EMAIL NEWSGROUP
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
sci.*— Discussion of scientific subjects
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
sci.*— Discussion of scientific subjects
rec.* — Discussion of recreational activities
(e.g. games and hobbies)
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
sci.*— Discussion of scientific subjects
rec.* — Discussion of recreational activities
(e.g. games and hobbies)
soc.* — Socialising and discussion of social issues.
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
sci.*— Discussion of scientific subjects
rec.* — Discussion of recreational activities
(e.g. games and hobbies)
soc.* — Socialising and discussion of social issues.
talk.* — Discussion of contentious issues such as
religion and politics.
NEWSGROUP
A place on the internet where people who are interested in
a particular subject can exchange messages about it, or the people who use this place

comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
sci.*— Discussion of scientific subjects
rec.* — Discussion of recreational activities
(e.g. games and hobbies)
soc.* — Socialising and discussion of social issues.
talk.* — Discussion of contentious issues such as
religion and politics.
misc.* — Miscellaneous discussion—anything which
does not fit in the other hierarchies
alt.* — Not confined to newsgroups of any specific
subject or type
 QUICK TEST
JOINE INTERNET NEWSGROUP
 a. alt.algebra.help e. alt.fashion
Match these
groups would
b. alt.asian-movie f. alt.sport.soccer.european interest the
following
c. alt.comics.batman h. rec.antiques.bottles people

d. alt.education.disabled

A football fan f. alt.sport.soccer.European

A student with maths problems a. alt.algebra.help
A comic book collector c. alt.comics.batman
A fan of Indian cinema b. alt.asian-movie
A bottle collector h. rec.antiques.bottles
Someone interested in clothes e. alt.fashion
FORMAL EMAIL
Email sample 1: A request
Subject: Extension on Report Deadline

Dear Mr./Ms. {Recipient’s sir name},

I am writing this to request you for an extension on the XYZ project report which is due on
{date}. My mother has taken ill unexpectedly, and I must leave for home tonight. I’m afraid it
will take me a week before I can return to the office and complete the report.

Kindly grant me an extension till {date} for the same. I promise to deliver the project report by
then.

Sincerely,
{Your name}
{Phone number}
FORMAL EMAIL
Subject line
Subject: Extension on Report Deadline Keep the most important and informative
words in the beginning of the subject line.

The subject line should be short. Ideally,

your subject line should stand around six
words.
FORMAL EMAIL
Salutation
Start your formal email with addressing the recipient
in a manner fitting the relationship you have with
them
Dear Mr./Ms. {Recipient’s sir name},

Never use nicknames or just surnames or first

names in a formal email.
FORMAL EMAIL
Body of the email
The opening paragraph should set the
I am writing this to request you for an
tone and reason for your email.
extension on the XYZ project report which is
due on {date}. My mother has taken ill
unexpectedly, and I must leave for home
tonight. I’m afraid it will take me a week before Elaborate on your concern, question,
I can return to the office and complete the or response as comprehensively as
report. possible

Kindly grant me an extension till {date} for The closing of the email should

the same. I promise to deliver the project also support the nature of your email.
report by then.
FORMAL EMAIL
Signature
Sign off with a simple word or phrase, which conveys respect.
Safe choices are 'Best regards', 'Warmly', 'Sincerely', 'Kind
regards', or simply 'Thanks'.

Sincerely, If you are writing to someone for the first time or someone who
{Your name} is not an immediate colleague or senior, use your full name.
{Phone number}

If you are writing on behalf of or as an employee of an

institution, make sure to mention it along with
adequate contact details
FORMAL EMAIL
Email sample 1: A request
Subject: Extension on Report Deadline

Dear Mr./Ms. {Recipient’s sir name},

I am writing this to request you for an extension on the XYZ project report which is due on
{date}. My mother has taken ill unexpectedly, and I must leave for home tonight. I’m afraid it
will take me a week before I can return to the office and complete the report.

Kindly grant me an extension till {date} for the same. I promise to deliver the project report by
then.

Sincerely,
{Your name}
{Phone number}
 FORMAL EMAIL
Email sample 2: A question
Subject: Enquiry about Conference Centre Timings

Dear sir/madam,

I am writing to enquire about the timings for the conference centre at {place}. Our company is hosting a
delegation from {place} and is interested in booking the centre for an important corporate event on {date}.
I checked your website but could not find the information I require.

If you could kindly send across the timings when the conference centre is available, we can design an
itinerary at the earliest and share the schedule with you to initiate the booking procedure.

Looking forward to an early response.

Thanks,
{Your name}
{Phone number}
{Designation, company}
SECURITY AND PRIVACY

• There are a lot of benefit from an open

system like the Internet, but we are also
exposed to HACKERS who break into
compter system just for fun, as well as to
seal information or spread viruses. So you
need to stay secure and protect your
privacy.
SECURITY ON THE WEB

• The question of security is crucial when • To avoid risks, you should set all security
sending confidential information such as alerts to high on your Web browsers and
credit card numbers. For example, when clear your cookies more often.
buying something on the Web like Amazon,
• Don’t fill any form that need your important
you need to type your credit card number into
information if it isn’t from a trusted web.
an order form which passes from computer to
computer on its way to the server. If one of • If you use online bank services, make sure
the intermediary computers is infiltrated by your bank uses digital certificates. A popular
hackers, your data can be stolen. It is hard to security standard is SET ( secure electronic
tell how this can be happen but it’s possible. transactions ).
E-MAIL PRIVACY

• Because your email also travels across • The only way to protect a message is to
the net, it is copied temporarily on many put it in a sort of “envelope”, that is, to
computer in between, that mean it can be encode it with some form of encryption.
read by unscrupulous people who
illegally enter computer systems.
• They can use it to fake your identity to
cheat another people as well as steal your
information.
NETWORK SECURTY

• Private networks connected to the • To protect crucial data, companies hire

Internet can be attacked by intruders who security consultants who analyse the
attempt to take valuable information risks and provide security solutions.
such as Social Security numbers, bank • The most commons methods of
accounts or research and business
protection are passwords for access
reports.
control, encryption and decryption
system, and firewalls.
VIRUS PROTECTION

• Viruses can enter a PC through files from • If you want to protect your system, don’t
disks, the Internet or bulletin board open email attachments from strangers
systems. and take care when downloading files
• It can destroy your data, steal your from the Web.
information or encrypt your data and • Update your anti-virus sofeware as often
keep it as hostage then require your as possible and use real-time anti-virus.
money for decryption.