Research Title

THE TITLE OF THE A

RESEARCH PAPER

 The title is the part of a paper that

is read the most, and it is usually
read first.

 It is, therefore, the most important

element that defines the research
study.
 The title summarizes the
main idea of the whole
paper and is the most
notable part of the research
paper. Thus, it must be
written using the fewest
possible words without
compromising its clarity
and idea.
 Writing a research paper title
may seem a simple task, but it
requires some serious thought. 

 It is clear that the title of your

paper is the most important
determinant of how many
people will read it.
The following parameters can be used to help you formulate a
suitable research paper title:

1.The purpose of the research

2.The narrative tone of the paper [typically defined by the
type of the research]
3.The methods used

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The initial aim of a title is to capture the reader’s
attention and to draw his or her attention to the
research problem being investigated.

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1 Effective titles in
academic research
papers have several
characteristics.
 Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.
 Avoid using abbreviations.
 Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate
“
reader interest.
 Use current nomenclature from the field of study.
 Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
 May reveal how the paper will be organized.

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• Suggest a relationship between
variables which supports the major
hypothesis.
• Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive
words.
• Titles are usually in the form of a
phrase, but can also be in the form of a
question.

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• Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words
and last words capitalized, including the first word of a
subtitle. All nouns,  pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
that appear between the first and last words of the title are
also capitalized.

• In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an

exclamation mark. However, a title or subtitle can be in the
form of a question.

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THREE BASIC TIPS TO KEEP IN MIND
WHILE WRITING A TITLE:

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1] keep it simple, brief and attractive: the primary
function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the
paper’s content. So keep the title brief and clear. Use
active verbs instead of complex noun-based phrases,
and avoid unnecessary details. Moreover, a good title
for a research paper is typically around 10 to 12 words
long. A lengthy title may seem unfocused and take the
readers’ attention away from an important point.

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 ACTIVE VERBS VS PASSIVE VERBS

Active Verbs Passive Verbs

Beat Was beaten

Take Is taken

Identifying Was identified

Speak Is spoken

Write Is written

Covering Is covered

Analyzes Is analyzed

Highlights Is highlighted

Sketches Has been sketched

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2] use appropriate descriptive words: A
good research paper title should contain
key words used in the manuscript and
should define the nature of the study.
Think about terms people would use to
search for your study and include them in
your title.

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3. Avoid abbreviations and jargon: known
abbreviations such as AIDS, NATO, and so
on can be used in the title. However, other
lesser-known or specific abbreviations and
jargon that would not be immediately
familiar to the readers should be left out.

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 FRAMING THE TITLE

The title of your research should answer the following:

THE WHAT-the variables and interrelationship of the study

THE WHO-respondents, participants
THE HOW-the method
THE WHERE-scope and limitation

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Computer Assisted Instruction and its Effects on
the English Proficiency and Attitude of Grade 6
Students in Banyuhay Elementary School

 Identify The What, Who, Where And How

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 FRAMING THE TITLE: VARIABLES

A variable is any characteristic or quality that varies or is the

same for all members of a particular group.

Variables:
Independent –existing, cause
Dependent-co-existing, recipient of effect

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 INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN THE TITLE

 Effects
 Relationships-Correlation
 Difference-Comparison

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Computer Assisted Instruction and its Effects on the English
Proficiency and Attitude of Grade 6 Students in Banyuhay
Elementary School

 Identify the following:

 Independent variable
 Dependent variable
 Relationship
 Respondents

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Independent variable- computer assisted
instruction
Dependent variable- English proficiency and
attitude
Relationship- effects
Respondents- grade 6 students in
Banyuhay Elementary School

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 A GOOD RESEARCH TITLE

 Condenses the paper’s content in a few words

 Captures the readers’ attention
 Differentiates the paper from other papers of
the same subject area

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Guidelines for writing the research title

1.Avoid an overly general title such as “exercise and weight.”

2.Refrain from using abbreviations unless they are commonly
known.
3.Avoid using phrases such as “a study of…” and “an
investigation of…” as they show wordiness. An example of this
is “A study on the effects of violent video programs on the
students’ academic performance.”

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4. indicate the subject and scope of the study by specifying your dependent
and independent variables.

independent variable is the cause that is responsible for bringing changes

in a situation
dependent variable- the changes occur due to introduction of an
independent variable
extraneous variable- are some factors involved in real-life situation that
may influence changes in dependent variable. These factors which are not
measured in the research study could increase or decrease the magnitude
of relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
intervening variable it links the independent and dependent variables. in
some cases, relationship between both variables cannot be established
unless with the intervention of another variable.
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 Example: The Effects of Cigarette Smoking to the Level
of Performance in Basketball by the Grade 11 Students

Independent Variable: cigarette smoking

Dependent Variable: level of performance in basketball

Extraneous Variables: affect the relationship (number of students, age

of students, strand and track)

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EXAMPLE: THE EFFECT OF TEACHING METHODS ON ABM
STUDENTs’ ASSESSMENT IN MATHEMATICS

INDEPENDENT Variable:

Dependent variable:

Extraneous variable:

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5. As much as possible refrain from indicating the year
the study has been conducted. An example of this is
“Examining the Study Habits of High School Students
at Paco Public School during School Year 2015-2016.
“ However, there are exceptions to this rule, such as in
a historical study. In this kind of research, the year
covered by the study may be included in the title.

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6. Employ either the declarative or question form in
formulating your title, but take note that the question
form is used less frequently in research.

7. Use the current acceptable terminology in your field

of study when writing your research title.

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 To write your title, you must start with a topic.
We can get sources of all these topic from where we are:
a. Problem situation
- In school, at home, in your community

b. Consider your passions or interest

what are you passionate about? Or interest about? Where
-
would you like a difference?
Choosing a topic you care about will keep you interested and
could result in you making a difference where it matters to you.

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c. Consider the setting available to you.
-in what places do you have convenient and regular access? What
places will you be able to get permission from participants?

d. Consider your subjects

-in order to study people, you have to gain their permission after
thoroughly advising them of such things as who you are, how you
will keep their responses confidential, and what happens if they
want to quit.

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 A Phenomenological Study of the Behavior of Students with
Absentee Parents

1. What are we looking at? (behavior of students with absentee

parents)
2. Who are the subjects? (students with absentee parents)
3. It is going to be a qualitative study, and we know which will be
used, (phenomenology)

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4. We will just be using a small sample.

5. Data collection will involve obtaining information from the

participants in some way-interviews, observation, open-ended
questionnaires, etc.

6. Data analysis will not be statistical, but the title does not give us a
clue as to how the data will be analyzed.

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 Another sample:
A Phenomenological Study of the Levels of Pain Experienced by
Children Aged 3-5 Years Undergoing an Intravenous Injection in the
Presence of their Mothers

1. What are we looking at? (levels of pain)

2. Who are the subjects? (children aged 3-5)
3. It is going to be a qualitative study, and we know which will be used (phenomenology)
4. We will just be having a (small sample)
5. Data collection will involve obtaining information from the participants in some way( interviews,
observation, open-ended questionnaires, etc.)
6. Data analysis will not be statistical, but the title does not give us a clue as to how the data will be
analyzed.

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At this stage, YOU WILL NOT HAVE THE FINAL TITLE OF
YOUR FINISHED RESEARCH YET. That will depend upon
your results. However, you do need to have a working title, and
this working title out of necessity will encapsulate your
proposed research.

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 Formulate 3 titles from your approved
topic and identify the following:

 The What
 Who
 Where
 How

Name of Members:
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This method is not only about “what” people
think but also “why” they think so. For example,
consider a convenience store looking to improve
its patronage. A systematic observation
concludes that the number of men visiting this
store are more. One good method to determine
why women were not visiting the store is to
conduct an in-depth interview of potential
customers in the category.

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Types of qualitative
research methods with
examples
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1. One-on-one interview:

Conducting in-depth interviews is one of

the most common qualitative research
methods. It is a personal interview that is
carried out with one respondent at a time.
This is purely a conversational method and
invites opportunities to get details in depth
from the respondent.

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2. Focus groups: 
A focus group is also one of the commonly used qualitative
research methods, used in data collection. A focus group
usually includes a limited number of respondents (6-10)
from within your target market.

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3. Ethnographic research: 
Ethnographic research is the most in-depth observational method that
studies people in their naturally occurring environment.

4. Case study research:

 The case study method has evolved over the past few years and
developed into a valuable qual research method. As the name suggests it
is used for explaining an organization or an entity.

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5. Record keeping: 
This method makes use of the already existing reliable documents and similar
sources of information as the data source. This data can be used in new research.

6. Process of observation:
Qualitative Observation is a process of research that uses subjective methodologies
to gather systematic information or data. Since, the focus on qualitative observation
is the research process of using subjective methodologies to gather information or
data.

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Quantitative Research

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Characteristics of Quantitative Research
1. Objective- impartial, unbiased and neutral
2. Clearly defined questions (What, Which, how much)
3. Structured research instruments (surveys,
questionnaires, software)
4. Numerical data and statistical treatment (unbiased
results)
5. Large sample size (represents a population)
6. Replication (high reliability—stable and consistent)
7. Future outcomes (new concepts and further studies)

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Kinds of Quantitative
Research

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1. Causal-comparative research attempts to determine the cause or consequences of
differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals.
a. Female and male employees and their job satisfaction
b. Gender causes on differences in abilities

2. Correlational research determines the extent of a relationship between two or

more variables using statistical data.
a. Relationship between intelligence and friendliness
b. Student’s hours of study and their stress level

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1. Descriptive research provides systematic information about a
phenomenon.
a. The attitudes of scientists regarding global warming
b. Impacts of Qatari diplomatic crisis on OFWs
2. Evaluation research provide a means to judge actions and activities in
terms of values, criteria and standards
a. Performance of newly-hired SH teachers in MMC for S.Y. 2017-2018
b. Water quality assessment of Boac River

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1. Experimental research uses the scientific method to establish the
cause-effect relationship among a group of variables
a. Levels of heavy metal bioaccumulation of Nypa fruticans from Boac
River
b. Solar purification for water potability
2. A survey is a brief interview or discussion with individuals about a
specific topic
a. Acceptance of Boakenos to Boac cityhood
b. Approval rate for Duterte Cabinet members

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Strengths
1. Fast speed data collection (sampling methods)
2. Findings can be generalized (if sample is from a population)
3. Easy to analyze data (use of statistical data)
4. Consistent and reliable data (use of research manipulations—
experiment, surveys etc)
5. Can be anonymous (for sensitive topic)

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Weaknesses
1. Requires a large number of respondents
2. Costly and expensive
3. Secondary data may be unavailable
4. Many info are difficult to answer (sensitive topic)
5. More structured research instruments

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