Scribd
Upload
109 views17 pages

Reasoning: Rommel D. Ternida Instructor

This document discusses different types of reasoning: intuition, analogy, deduction, and induction. Intuition involves guessing or using common sense to arrive at a conclusion without strict reasoning. Analogy reasons that if two things are alike in one aspect, they are alike in other aspects. Deduction draws conclusions from known statements, while induction draws general conclusions from examining many specific cases. The document provides examples for each type and assigns students to provide more examples in their assignments.

Uploaded by

Elaine Policarpio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
109 views17 pages

Reasoning: Rommel D. Ternida Instructor

This document discusses different types of reasoning: intuition, analogy, deduction, and induction. Intuition involves guessing or using common sense to arrive at a conclusion without strict reasoning. Analogy reasons that if two things are alike in one aspect, they are alike in other aspects. Deduction draws conclusions from known statements, while induction draws general conclusions from examining many specific cases. The document provides examples for each type and assigns students to provide more examples in their assignments.

Uploaded by

Elaine Policarpio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

REA S O NI NG

ROMMEL D. TERNIDA
INSTRUCTOR
LOGIC IN MATHEMATICS AND LITERATURE
IN THE FOLLOWING EXCERPT IN LEWIS CARROLL'S THROUGH THE
LOOKING GLASS AND WHAT ALICE FOUND THERE, ALICE MEETS A LION
AND A UNICORN. THE LION LIES ON MONDAY, TUESDAY AND
WEDNESDAY, AND THE UNICORN LIES ON THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND
SATURDAY. ALICE HAS FORGOTTEN THE DAY OF THE WEEK DURING HER
TRAVELS THROUGH THE FOREST OF FORGETFULNESS. LET US LOOK ON
THE CONVERSATION OF ALICE, LION AND UNICORN.
LOGIC IN MATHEMATICS AND LITERATURE
LOGIC IN MATHEMATICS AND LITERATURE

CAN YOU TELL WHAT DAY OF THE


WEEK IT IS?
LOGIC IN MATHEMATICS AND LITERATURE
IN THE FOLLOWING EXCERPT IN LEWIS CARROLL'S THROUGH THE
LOOKING GLASS AND WHAT ALICE FOUND THERE, ALICE MEETS A LION
AND A UNICORN. THE LION LIES ON MONDAY, TUESDAY AND
WEDNESDAY, AND THE UNICORN LIES ON THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND
SATURDAY. ALICE HAS FORGOTTEN THE DAY OF THE WEEK DURING HER
TRAVELS THROUGH THE FOREST OF FORGETFULNESS. LET US LOOK ON
THE CONVERSATION OF ALICE, LION AND UNICORN.
REASONING

IT IS THE PRACTICE OF STATING IDEAS CLEARLY AND


PRECISELY TO ARRIVE AT A CONCLUSION
KINDS OF REASONING
INTUITION – IS A KIND OF MENTAL ACTIVITY SOMEWHAT
SIMILAR TO GUESSING. IT IS A DIRECT PERCEPTION OF EVENTS
AND CIRCUMSTANCES INDEPENDENT OF ANY STRICT
APPLICATION OF REASONING. IT ALSO CALLED REASONING BY
GUESSING OR REASONING BY COMMON SENSE.
EXAMPLES
1. LOOKING AT THE DARKENING SKY, A WOMAN SAYS, “I THINK IT WILL RAIN
TODAY.”
2. CHOOSE A PAIR FROM YOUR CLASSMATES AND ASK A THIRD TO DETERMINE WHO
IS YOUNGER BETWEEN THE PAIR. YOUR THIRD CLASSMATE USED INTUITION IN
GIVING AN ANSWER IF SHE DID NOT REALLY ASK FOR THEIR AGES.
3. YOU HAD A NEW FRIEND IN SCHOOL. YOU WANTED YOUR PARENTS TO MEET THIS
NEW FRIEND SO YOU BROUGHT HER HOME AND INTRODUCED HER TO YOUR
MOTHER. AFTER THAT MEETING, YOUR MOTHER DECLARED THAT SHE FEELS YOU
HAD FOUND A GOOD FRIEND. YOUR MOTHER USED INTUITION IN MAKING THAT
CONCLUSION.
KINDS OF REASONING
ANALOGY – IS A FORM OF REASONING IN WHICH OTHER
SIMILARITIES ARE INFERRED FROM A PARTICULAR SIMILARITY
BETWEEN TWO OR MORE THINGS. IT IS REASONING THAT IF
THINGS ARE ALIKE IN A GIVEN ASPECT THEN THEY WILL ALSO
BE ALIKE IN OTHER ASPECTS. IT IS ALSO CALLED REASONING
BY COMPARISON.
EXAMPLES
1. KATHERINE’S MOTHER IS A VERY GOOD DOCTOR. SHE WILL
ALSO BECOME A VERY GOOD DOCTOR.
2.CHALK IS TO BLACKBOARD AS PENCIL IS TO PAPER.
3.PAINTING IS TO ARTIST AS BOOK IS TO AUTHOR.
4.NOTES ARE TO MUSICIANS AS NUMBER ARE TO
MATHRMATICIANS.
KINDS OF REASONING
DEDUCTION OR DEDUCTIVE REASONING – IS THE PROCESS
OF ARRIVING AT PARTICULAR CONCLUSIONS FROM SOME
ACCEPTED GENERAL STATEMENTS. IT IS ALSO THE PROCESS OF
DRAWING A CONCLUSION FROM SOMETHING KNOWN OR
ASSUMED.
EXAMPLES
1. EVERY FILIPINO OF AGE 18 AND ABOVE CAN VOTE. JOSE DE LA CRUZ
IS A FILIPINO OF AGE 24. THEREFORE, JOSE DE LA CRUZ CAN VOTE.
2. BABIES CRY WHEN THEY ARE HUNGRY. ANA’S BABY SISTER IS
CRYING. ANA’S BABY SISTER MUST BE HUNGRY.
3. DIVINIANS ARE SIMPLE. KHRISTINE IS A DIVINIAN. KRISTINE IS
SIMPLE.
KINDS OF REASONING
INDUCTION OR INDUCTIVE REASONING – IS LOGICAL
PROCESS OF PROCEEDING FROM A PARTICULAR TRUTH TO
GENERAL TRUTH BY A CAREFUL EXAMINATION OF MANY
REPRESENTATIVE CASES.
EXAMPLES
1. A CERTAIN MEDICATION WAS USED TO TREAT THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE WITH A
CERTAIN DISEASE. ALL THESE PEOPLE WERE CURED. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT
THIS WAS CONCLUDED THAT THIS WAS THE PROPER MEDICATION FOR THE
DISEASE.
2. IF A PERSON IS A GOOD FOLLOWER, HE WILL BE A GOOD LEADER. KIRA IS A
GOOD TEAM PLAYER AND FOLLOWER. THUS, SHE WAS ELECTED CLUB
PRESIDENT.
REFLECTION

IN OUR DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES, TRY TO FIGURE


OUT 2 EXAMPLE OF REASONING AND TELL ITS
KIND.
TRY THIS:
1. MANDY, CINDY, AND JENNY PLAY THE GUITAR. MANDY AND CINDY ARE GOOD
BALLAD COMPOSERS. JENNY IS A GOOD BALLAD COMPOSER, TOO.
2. I AM ALERT THIS AFTERNOON SINCE I ATE A LOT OF FRUITS THIS MORNING.
3. ALL OF GOD’S CREATION IS BEAUTIFUL. I AM PART OF GOD’S CREATION. I AM A
PERSON OF BEAUTY.
4. MANGOES COME FROM FLOWERS. GUAVAS COME FROM FLOWERS. LANZONES
COME FROM FLOWERS. ALL FRUITS COME FROM FLOWERS.
ASSIGNMENTS
GIVE FIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH KIND OF REASONING. UPLOAD YOUR ANSWER
IN GOOGLE CLASSROOM ON FEBRUARY 17, 2021 UNTIL 5:15 IN THE
AFTERNOON.
ON WEDNESDAY, UPLOAD TEN EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONAL STATEMENT ON
GOOGLE CLASSROOM. EXAMPLE OF CONDITIONAL STATEMENT IS: IF YOU
CARE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, THEN YOU SHOULD JOIN TREE PLANTING
PROJECTS.

You might also like