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Testing The Difference Between Two Means, Two Proportions, and Two Variances

This document provides an overview and objectives of Chapter 9 from McGraw-Hill's Bluman 7th edition statistics textbook. The chapter covers testing the difference between two means, two proportions, and two variances. Section 9-1 introduces how to test the difference between two means using the z-test, including the assumptions, hypothesis testing situations, and formula. It provides three examples applying the z-test formula to compare hotel room rates, college sports offerings, and construct a confidence interval. The objectives are to learn how to test differences between sample means using the z-test and t-test, test differences between dependent and independent samples, and test differences between proportions and variances.

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Aisah Reem
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133 views21 pages

Testing The Difference Between Two Means, Two Proportions, and Two Variances

This document provides an overview and objectives of Chapter 9 from McGraw-Hill's Bluman 7th edition statistics textbook. The chapter covers testing the difference between two means, two proportions, and two variances. Section 9-1 introduces how to test the difference between two means using the z-test, including the assumptions, hypothesis testing situations, and formula. It provides three examples applying the z-test formula to compare hotel room rates, college sports offerings, and construct a confidence interval. The objectives are to learn how to test differences between sample means using the z-test and t-test, test differences between dependent and independent samples, and test differences between proportions and variances.

Uploaded by

Aisah Reem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 9

Testing the Difference


Between Two Means, Two
Proportions, and Two
Variances
McGraw-Hill, Bluman, 7th ed., Chapter 9 1
Chapter 9 Overview
Introduction
 9-1 Testing the Difference Between Two
Means: Using the z Test
 9-2 Testing the Difference Between Two Means of
Independent Samples: Using the t Test
 9-3 Testing the Difference Between Two Means:
Dependent Samples
 9-4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions
 9-5 Testing the Difference Between Two Variances

Bluman, Chapter 9 2
Chapter 9 Objectives
1. Test the difference between sample means,
using the z test.
2. Test the difference between two means for
independent samples, using the t test.
3. Test the difference between two means for
dependent samples.
4. Test the difference between two proportions.
5. Test the difference between two variances or
standard deviations.

Bluman, Chapter 9 3
Section 9-1 Introduction

Pepsi vs. Coke


9.1 Testing the Difference Between
Two Means: Using the z Test
Assumptions:
1. The samples must be independent of each
other. That is, there can be no relationship
between the subjects in each sample.
2. The standard deviations of both
populations must be known, and if the
sample sizes are less than 30, the
populations must be normally or
approximately normally distributed.

Bluman, Chapter 9 5
Hypothesis Testing Situations in the
Comparison of Means

Bluman, Chapter 9 6
Hypothesis Testing Situations in the
Comparison of Means

Bluman, Chapter 9 7
Testing the Difference Between
Two Means: Large Samples
Formula for the z test for comparing two means from
independent populations

z
 X 1  X 2    1  2 
 12  22

n1 n2

Bluman, Chapter 9 8
Chapter 9
Testing the Difference Between
Two Means, Two Proportions,
and Two Variances

Section 9-1
Example 9-1
Page #475
Bluman, Chapter 9 9
Example 9-1: Hotel Room Cost
A survey found that the average hotel room rate in New
Orleans is $88.42 and the average room rate in Phoenix is
$80.61. Assume that the data were obtained from two
samples of 50 hotels each and that the standard
deviations of the populations are $5.62 and $4.83,
respectively. At α = 0.05, can it be concluded that there is
a significant difference in the rates?

Step 1: State the hypotheses and identify the claim.


H0: μ1 = μ2 and H1: μ1  μ2 (claim)

Step 2: Find the critical value.


The critical value is z = ±1.96.
Bluman, Chapter 9 10
Example 9-1: Hotel Room Cost
A survey found that the average hotel room rate in New
Orleans is $88.42 and the average room rate in Phoenix is
$80.61. Assume that the data were obtained from two
samples of 50 hotels each and that the standard
deviations of the populations are $5.62 and $4.83,
respectively. At α = 0.05, can it be concluded that there is
a significant difference in the rates?

Step 3: Compute the test value.

z
 X 1  X 2    1  2 
 12  22

n1 n2
Bluman, Chapter 9 11
Example 9-1: Hotel Room Cost
A survey found that the average hotel room rate in New
Orleans is $88.42 and the average room rate in Phoenix is
$80.61. Assume that the data were obtained from two
samples of 50 hotels each and that the standard
deviations of the populations are $5.62 and $4.83,
respectively. At α = 0.05, can it be concluded that there is
a significant difference in the rates?

Step 3: Compute the test value.

z
 88.42  80.61   0 
 7.45
2 2
5.62 4.83

50 50
Bluman, Chapter 9 12
Example 9-1: Hotel Room Cost
Step 4: Make the decision.
Reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.05, since
7.45 > 1.96.

Step 5: Summarize the results.


There is enough evidence to support the claim
that the means are not equal. Hence, there is a
significant difference in the rates.

Bluman, Chapter 9 13
Chapter 9
Testing the Difference
Between Two Means, Two
Proportions, and Two
Variances
Section 9-1
Example 9-2
Page #475
Bluman, Chapter 9 14
Example 9-2: College Sports Offerings
A researcher hypothesizes that the average number of
sports that colleges offer for males is greater than the
average number of sports that colleges offer for females.
A sample of the number of sports offered by colleges is
shown. At α = 0.10, is there enough evidence to support
the claim? Assume 1 and 2 = 3.3.

Bluman, Chapter 9 15
Example 9-2: College Sports Offerings
Step 1: State the hypotheses and identify the claim.
H0: μ1 = μ2 and H1: μ1  μ2 (claim)

Step 2: Compute the test value.


Using a calculator, we find
For theXmales:
1
= 8.6 and 1 = 3.3
X2
For the females: = 7.9 and  = 3.32

Substitute in the formula.

z
 X 1  X 2    1   2   8.6  7.9    0 
  1.06
 12  22 3.32 3.32
 
n1 n2 50 50
Bluman, Chapter 9 16
Example 9-2: College Sports Offerings
Step 3: Find the P-value.
For z = 1.06, the area is 0.8554.
The P-value is 1.0000 - 0.8554 = 0.1446.
Step 4: Make the decision.
Do not reject the null hypothesis.

Step 5: Summarize the results.


There is not enough evidence to support the
claim that colleges offer more sports for males
than they do for females.
Bluman, Chapter 9 17
Confidence Intervals for the
Difference Between Two Means
Formula for the z confidence interval for the difference
between two means from independent populations

 12  22
X 1  X 2   z 2
n1

n2
  1  2 

 12  22
  X 1  X 2   z 2 
n1 n2

Bluman, Chapter 9 18
Chapter 9
Testing the Difference Between
Two Means, Two Proportions,
and Two Variances

Section 9-1
Example 9-3
Page #478
Bluman, Chapter 9 19
Example 9-3: Confidence Intervals
Find the 95% confidence interval for the difference
between the means for the data in Example 9–1.
 12  22
X 1  X 2   z 2
n1

n2
 1   2

 12  22
  X 1  X 2   z 2 
n1 n2

5.622 4.832
 88.42  80.61  1.96   1  2
50 50
5.622 4.832
  88.42  80.61  1.96 
50 50
7.81  2.05  1  2  7.81  2.05

5.76  1  2  9.86

Bluman, Chapter 9 20
On your own
 Study the examples in  Sec 9.1 page 479
section 9.1  #7,13,16
 19, 21

Bluman, Chapter 9 21

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