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Engineering Drawing: Credit Hours

The document provides an overview of engineering drawing, discussing topics such as graphics language, projection methods, orthographic projection, and traditional drawing tools. It also outlines the semester schedule and assessment breakdown. Engineering drawing uses lines to represent object surfaces and uses both graphics and word language to fully describe an object's size, shape, features, and specifications.

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inam ullah
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81 views40 pages

Engineering Drawing: Credit Hours

The document provides an overview of engineering drawing, discussing topics such as graphics language, projection methods, orthographic projection, and traditional drawing tools. It also outlines the semester schedule and assessment breakdown. Engineering drawing uses lines to represent object surfaces and uses both graphics and word language to fully describe an object's size, shape, features, and specifications.

Uploaded by

inam ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING DRAWING

(ME-109)

Credit hours
Theory = 0
Practical = 0-2

Instructor: Fatima Zehra


MS Systems Engineering – NUST Islamabad
Textbooks:
Basics of Engineering Drawing by Z.A Siddiqui,
Dr. M. Ashraf & S. A. Siddiqui

Reference books:
Engineering Drawing with an introduction to
AutoCAD by D. A. Jolhe
Civil Engineering Drawing by Gurcharan Singh.
Chapter 1
Overview of an
Engineering Drawing
TOPICS
Graphics language

Engineering drawing

Projection methods

Orthographic projection

Drawing standards
TOPICS
Traditional Drawing Tools

Lettering

Freehand Sketching
Semester Schedule:
• Quiz 10%
• Assignments / Project 10%
• OHT-1 15%
• OHT-2 15%
• Final 50%
GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.

2. Test your written description


by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the


size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.

The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .

A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments


or computer methods.
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.

Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.

Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.

Example
ENGINEERING DRAWING
Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Basic Knowledge for Drafting

Graphics Word
language language

Line Projection Geometric


types method construction Lettering
PROJECTION METHOD
PROJECTION THEORY

The projection theory is used to graphically represent


3-D objects on 2-D media (paper, computer screen).

The projection theory is based on two variables:


1) Line of sight
2) Plane of projection (image plane or picture plane)
PROJECTION METHOD

Perspective Parallel

Oblique Orthographic

Axonometric Multiview
Projection Methods:
Projection Methods are used to show drawing on a paper.

Projection Methods has mainly two types used  in Engineering


Drawing :

1) First Angle Projection Method

2) Third Angle Projection Method


FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION:

The object is assumed to be positioned in between the projection


planes and the observer.
Third Angle Projection :

the object is assumed to be in the third quadrant. i.e. the object behind
vertical plane and below the horizontal plane.
Line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an
observer’s eye and an object.

There are 2 types of LOS : parallel and converge

Parallel projection Perspective projection

Line of sight
Line of sight
Plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane which
the image is created.

The image is produced by connecting the points where


the LOS pierce the projection plane.

Parallel projection Perspective projection

Plane of projection Plane of projection


Disadvantage of
Perspective Projection

Perspective projection is not


used by engineer for manu-
facturing of parts, because

1) It is difficult to create.
2) It does not reveal exact
shape and size.
Width is distorted
ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION
MEANING
Orthographic projection is a parallel projection technique
in which the parallel lines of sight are perpendicular to the
projection plane

Object views from top


1

2
1 5 2 3 4

5
3

Projection plane
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
Orthographic view depends on relative position of the object
to the line of sight.
Rotate

Two dimensions of an
object is shown. Tilt
More than one view is needed
to represent the object.

Multiview drawing

Three dimensions of an object is shown.

Axonometric drawing
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
NOTES

Orthographic projection technique can produce either


1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.

Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for


communication.
Axonometric (Isometric) Drawing
Advantage Easy to understand

Disadvantage Shape and angle distortion

Example Distortions of shape and size in isometric drawing

Circular hole
becomes ellipse.

Right angle becomes obtuse angle.


Multiview Drawing
Advantage It represents accurate shape and size.

Disadvantage Require practice in writing and reading.

Example Multiviews drawing (2-view drawing)


Practice:
Any Common Object ?
Draw with dimensions and Letters

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