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Statics of Structure in

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Draw the free body diagram of each segment showing all loads and reactions. 2. Write the equations of equilibrium for each segment. There will be 3 equations for each segment - sum of forces in x and y directions and sum of moments about a point. 3. Solve the equations simultaneously to determine the unknown reactions. 4. The reactions are: RAx = 4 kN RAy = 0 RCx = 0 RCy = 10.5 kN RDx = 0 RDy = 10.5 kN

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Selino Cruz
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128 views31 pages

Statics of Structure in

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. Draw the free body diagram of each segment showing all loads and reactions. 2. Write the equations of equilibrium for each segment. There will be 3 equations for each segment - sum of forces in x and y directions and sum of moments about a point. 3. Solve the equations simultaneously to determine the unknown reactions. 4. The reactions are: RAx = 4 kN RAy = 0 RCx = 0 RCy = 10.5 kN RDx = 0 RDy = 10.5 kN

Uploaded by

Selino Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statics

of Determinate Structures
Idealized Structure
 An exact analysis of a structure can never be carried out,
since estimates always have to be made of the loadings
and the strength of the materials composing the structure.
 It is important to develop the ability to model or idealize
a structure so that the structural engineer can perform a
practical force analysis of the members
 Support Connections: Structural members are joined
together in various ways depending on the intent of the
designer. The three types of joints most often specified
are
 Pin connection (allows some freedom for slight rotation)
 Roller support (allows some freedom for slight rotation)
 Fixed joint (allows no relative rotation)
Idealized Structure
Idealized Structure
Idealized models used in structural analysis that represent various
support types.
Idealized Structure
 Support Connections
 In reality, all connections exhibit some stiffness toward joint
rotations owing to friction & material behavior
 If k = 0 the joint is pin and -> , the joint is fixed
 When selecting the model for each support, the engineer must
be aware how the assumptions will affect the actual
performance
 The analysis of the loadings should give results that closely
approximate the actual loadings
Idealized Structure
 Support Connections
 In reality, all supports actually exert distributed surface loads
on their contacting members The concentrated forces and
moments shown in Table 2–1 represent the resultants of these
load distributions.
 This representation is, of course, an idealization; however, it is
used here since the surface area over which the distributed
load acts is considerably smaller than the total surface area
of the connecting members.
Idealized
Structure
Idealized Structure
Idealized
 Structure
Idealized Structure
 Consider the jib crane & trolley, we neglect the thickness of the
2 main member & will assume that the joint at B is fabricated
to be rigid
 The support at A can be modeled as a fixed support
Idealized
 Structure
Idealized Structure
 Consider the framing used to support a typical
floor slab in a building
 The slab is supported by floor joists located at
even intervals
 These are in turn supported by 2 side girders
AB & CD
Idealized Structure
 Idealized Structure
 For analysis, it is reasonable to assume that the joints are pin
and/or roller connected to girders & the girders are pin
and/or roller connected to columns
Idealized Structure
Idealized Structure
 Tributary Loadings
 There are 2 ways in which the load on surfaces can transmit to
various structural elements
 1-way system
 2-way system
Idealized Structure
 Tributary
Loadings
 1-way system
Idealized Structure
 Tributary
Loadings
 2-way system
Example
The floor of a classroom is supported by the bar joists. Each joist is 4.5m
long and they are spaced 0.75m on centers. The floor is made from
lightweight concrete that is 100mm thick. Neglect the weight of joists &
the corrugated metal deck, determine the load that acts along each
joist.
Solution

Dead load, weight of concrete slab


 (100)(0.015)
 1.50kN / m2
Live load  1.92kN / m 2
Total load  1.50 1.92  3.42kN /
m2
L1  0.75m, L2  4.5m
L1 / L2  2  1- way slab
Uniform load along its length,
w
 3.42kN / m2 (0.75m) 
2.57kN / m
Principle of Superposition
 The principle of superposition forms the basis for much of
the theory of structural analysis. It may be stated as
follows:
 The total displacement or internal loadings (stress) at a point in
a structure subjected to several external loadings can be
determined by adding together the displacements or internal
loadings (stress) caused by each of the external loads acting
separately.
 For this statement to be valid it is necessary that a linear
relationship exist among the loads, stresses, and
displacements.
Principle of Superposition
 2 requirements for the principle to apply:
 The material must behave in a linear-elastic manner, so that
Hooke’s law is valid, and therefore the load will be
proportional to displacement.
 The geometry of the structure must not undergo significant
change when the loads are applied, i.e., small displacement
theory applies. Large displacements will significantly change
the position and orientation of the loads.
Principle of Superposition
 For
equilibrium:
 Fx  0  Fy  0  Fz  0

 M x 0  M y 0  M z 0
 The principal load-carrying portions of most structures,
however, lie in a single plane, and since the loads are also
coplanar, the above requirements for equilibrium reduce
to
 Fx  0

 Fy  0

 M o 0
Determinacy
 Equilibrium equations provide both the necessary and sufficient
conditions for equilibrium
 All forces can be determined strictly from these equations
 No. of unknown forces > equilibrium equations => statically
indeterminate
 This can be determined using a free body diagram (FBD)
Determinacy
 For a coplanar structure

r  3n, statically determinate }


r  3n, statically indeterminate }
r = number force and moment reaction components
n = number of parts
 The additional equations needed to solve for the unknown
equations are referred to as compatibility equations
which we will consider when we discuss solutions to
indeterminate structures
Example

Classify each of the beams as statically determinate or statically


indeterminate. If statically indeterminate, report the no. of degree of
indeterminacy. The beams are subjected to external loadings that are
assumed to be known & can act anywhere on the beams.
Solution
FBD

r  3, n  1,3 
31
Statically determinate

r  5, n  1,5  Statically indeterminate to

3 1 
the second degree
Solution
FBD

r  6, n  2,6 
Statically determinate
3 2

r  10, n  3,10 
33
Statically indeterminate to the first degree
Example
Application of the Equations of Equilibrium
Determine the reactions on the beam as
shown.

Draw FBD of the structure:


Solution

  F  0; A  270cos 600  0
x x

Ax  135kN
With anti‐clockwise moments in the  direction,
 M  0;  270sin600 (3)  270cos 600 (0.3)  B (4.2) 
67.5  0
A y

By  173.4kN
  F  0;  270sin600 173.4  A  0
y y

Ay  60.4kN
Example
The compound beam shown is fixed at A. Determine the reactions at A, B,
and C. Assume that the connection at B is a pin and C is a roller.
Solution

Draw the FBD of the structure:


Solution
Segment BC:
With anti‐clockwise moments in the 
direction,

 M c  0;  8  By (4.5)  0  By  1.78 kN
 0; B  0


 Fy  0; x 1.78  Cy  0  Cy  1.78 kN
 Segment
Fx AB:
With anti‐clockwise moments in the  direction,

 M A  0; MA  36(3)  (1.78)(6)  0  MA  97.3


kN•m

 Fy  0; Ay  36 1.78  0  Ay  34.2 kN

Fx  0; Ax  0
Assignment

4 kN 5kN/m
1.5 m

A B
C D

3m 2m 5m

The compound beam is pin-supported at A and roller-supported at C


and D. Joint B is a pin connection. The load acting is a uniformly
distributed load from B to D and a concentrated load at span AB.
Determine the reactions at all supports.

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