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Week 11th Lecture (OSI Reference Model)

The document describes the OSI reference model which consists of 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layer. Each layer performs specific functions to enable communication between different network devices regardless of their architecture.

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Abdul Wahab
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23 views

Week 11th Lecture (OSI Reference Model)

The document describes the OSI reference model which consists of 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layer. Each layer performs specific functions to enable communication between different network devices regardless of their architecture.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSI Reference Model

Reference Model

 Reference Model offers a means of standardization which is acceptable worldwide.


 Since people using the computer network are located over a wide physical range and their
network devices might have different architecture.
 In order to provide communication among different devices, we need a standardized
model i.e. a reference model, which would provide us way how these devices can
communicate regardless their architecture.
OSI Model
 OSI is Open System Interface.
 This model is developed by the International organization of Standardization ISO and
therefore also referred as ISO-OSI Model.
 The OSI model consists of seven layers as shown in the following diagram. Each layer has
a specific function, however each layer provide services to the layer above.
Physical Layer

 The Physical layer is responsible for the following activities:


 Activating, maintaining and deactivating the physical connection.
 Defining voltages and data rates needed for transmission.
 Converting digital bits into electrical signal.
 Deciding whether the connection is simplex, half duplex or full duplex.
Data Link Layer

 The data link layer performs the following functions:


 Error control for the information which is to be transmitted over the physical link.
 Enables error detection, and adds error detection bits to the data which are to be
transmitted.
Network Layer

 Following are the functions of Network Layer:


 To route the signals through various channels to the other end.
 To act as the network controller by deciding which route data should take.
 To divide the outgoing messages into packets.
Transport Layer

 The Transport layer performs the following functions:


 It decides if the data transmission should take place on parallel paths or single path.
 It performs multiplexing, splitting on the data.
 It breaks the data groups into smaller units so that they are handled more efficiently by the
network layer.
Session Layer

 The Session layer performs the following functions:


 Manages the messages and synchronizes conversations between two different applications.
 It controls logging on and off, user identification and session management.
Presentation Layer

 The Presentation layer performs the following function:


 This layer makes it sure that the information is delivered in such a form that the receiving
system will understand and use it.
Application Layer

 The Application layer performs the following functions:


 It provides different services such as manipulation of information in several ways,
retransferring the files of information, distributing the results etc.
 The functions such as LOGIN or password checking are also performed by the application
layer.

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