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Chapter 2: Statistical Considerations

This document discusses limits, fits, and tolerances in mechanical engineering. It defines key terms like basic size, deviation, tolerance, clearance and interference fits. It presents equations for calculating maximum and minimum hole and shaft dimensions based on the basic size, tolerance grade, and fundamental deviation. An example problem demonstrates how to determine the shaft and hole dimensions for a loose running fit with a 34mm basic size. The homework assignment is to complete problems 2-25, 2-27, and 2-32 from the chapter.

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32 views13 pages

Chapter 2: Statistical Considerations

This document discusses limits, fits, and tolerances in mechanical engineering. It defines key terms like basic size, deviation, tolerance, clearance and interference fits. It presents equations for calculating maximum and minimum hole and shaft dimensions based on the basic size, tolerance grade, and fundamental deviation. An example problem demonstrates how to determine the shaft and hole dimensions for a loose running fit with a 34mm basic size. The homework assignment is to complete problems 2-25, 2-27, and 2-32 from the chapter.

Uploaded by

babrol
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2: Statistical

Considerations
BAE 417-Design of Machine
Systems
Fall 2006
Limits, Fits, and Tolerances
(Sections 2-6 and 2-7)

Capital letters refer to holes; lowercase letters are used for shafts
Limits and Fits
 Basic Size- size to which limits or deviations
are assigned
 Deviation- algebraic difference between size
and corresponding basic size
 Upper deviation- indicates maximum difference
 Lower deviation- indicates minimum difference

 Fundamental deviation- which of the above is


closer to the basic size
Limits and Fits
 Tolerance- difference between max. and min. size
limits
 International tolerance grade numbers (IT)-
designated groups of tolerances that vary
depending on basic size
 Hole basis- system of fits corresponding to hole
sizes (H is the fundamental deviation)
 Shaft basis- system of fits corresponding to shaft
size (h is the fundamental deviation)

See Table 2-8 for a Description of Preferred Fits Using the Basic Hole
System
Conventions and Variable
Definitions
D- basic hole size
d- basic shaft size
-deviation
u-upper deviation
l-lower deviation
F-fundamental deviation
D- tolerance grade for hole
d- tolerance grade for shaft
 For holes
Dmax = D + D (Eq. 2-38)
Dmin = D
 For shafts with clearance fits c, d, f, g, and h
dmax = d + F (Eq. 2-39)
dmin = d + F – d
 For shafts with interference fits k, n, p, s, and u
dmin = d + F (Eq. 2-40)
dmax = d + F + d
Example
 Find the shaft and hole dimensions for a loose
running fit with a 34-mm basic size.
Solution
 From Table 2-8 we find the ISO symbol to be
34H11/c11
 From Table A-11 using the IT tolerance grade
of 11 (IT11) and a basic size of 34 (34 mm)
we get D = d= 0.160 mm
 Using Eq. 2-38 we get:
Dmax = D + D = 34 + 0.160 = 34.160 mm
Dmin = 0.160 mm
Solution
Using Table A-12 we find the fundamental
deviation (F) for the 34c11 shaft to be
F= -0.120 mm
 Using Eq. (2-39) we get:
dmax = d + F = 34 – 0.120 = 33.880 mm
dmin = d + F – d = 34 - 0.120 – 0.160 = 33.720 mm
Dimensions and Tolerances
 Nominal size - size for speaking of an element (i.e., ½”
bolt or 3” pipe)
 Basic size – exact theoretical size
 Limits – stated maximum and minimum dimensions
 Tolerance – difference between two limits
 Bilateral – 1.005 ± 0.002 in
0.004
 Unilateral – 1.0050.000 in
 Natural tolerance – plus and minus three standard
deviations
Dimensions and Tolerances
 Clearance – difference in dimensions
(diametral or radial)
 Used only when the internal member is smaller
than the external member
 Interference – difference in dimensions
 Used when the internal member is larger than the
external member
 Allowance – minimum clearance or maximum
interference
Tolerance Stacking

 The “gap”, “grip”, or “interference” of an assembly of mating parts is


defined as:

w   xi   y j
where x’s are right tending and y’s are left tending displacements
Homework Assignment
 Do problems 2-25, 2-27, and 2-32 for next
Tuesday.

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