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    7 Renaissance and Reformation

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    Geonhun Lee
    The document summarizes key events and developments during the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 14th to 17th centuries. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy and focused on secular learning and the arts, influenced by humanism. The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This led other reformers like John Calvin to question church authority and the spread of new Protestant ideas across Europe and England. The Catholic Church responded with reforms through the Council of Trent but also persecuted alleged witches and conflicts arose between new scientific ideas and church doctrine.

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    7 Renaissance and Reformation

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    Geonhun Lee
    51 views11 pages
    The document summarizes key events and developments during the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 14th to 17th centuries. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy and focused on secular learning and the arts, influenced by humanism. The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This led other reformers like John Calvin to question church authority and the spread of new Protestant ideas across Europe and England. The Catholic Church responded with reforms through the Council of Trent but also persecuted alleged witches and conflicts arose between new scientific ideas and church doctrine.

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    7 RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

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    The document summarizes key events and developments during the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 14th to 17th centuries. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy and focused on secular learning and the arts, influenced by humanism. The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This led other reformers like John Calvin to question church authority and the spread of new Protestant ideas across Europe and England. The Catholic Church responded with reforms through the Council of Trent but also persecuted alleged witches and conflicts arose between new scientific ideas and church doctrine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    51 views11 pages

    7 Renaissance and Reformation

    Uploaded by

    Geonhun Lee
    The document summarizes key events and developments during the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 14th to 17th centuries. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy and focused on secular learning and the arts, influenced by humanism. The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences. This led other reformers like John Calvin to question church authority and the spread of new Protestant ideas across Europe and England. The Catholic Church responded with reforms through the Council of Trent but also persecuted alleged witches and conflicts arose between new scientific ideas and church doctrine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that the Renaissance period marked a rebirth of learning and the arts that began in Italy in the 14th century. This led to developments in various fields including art, philosophy, science and more.

    One of the major causes of the Protestant Reformation was the selling of indulgences by the Catholic Church. People started doubting the Church's authority to grant indulgences and salvation.

    Some major Renaissance figures and their contributions included Leonardo da Vinci with works like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, and Francesco Petrarch who assembled libraries of Greek and Roman works.

    RENAISSANCE

    AND
    REFORMATION

    14th – 17th CENTURIES


    SECTION 1
    • RENAISSANCE – MEANS REBIRTH (POLITICAL – SOCIAL – ECONOMIC – CULTURAL)
    • Cultural – a return to Learning and the Arts – back to GREEK / ROMAN times

    • RENAISSANCE BEGINS IN ITALY


    • 1 - Less destroyed than other areas from the Black Death – people started to be
    immune from the plague.
    • 2 – Reminders existed- getting a motivation from the ancient architectures and
    art works, people in this era, started to build things mimicking ancient artworks.
    • 3 – Patrons to get it started- Patrons knew that improvement in economy will
    only help them but not harm them.
    HUMANISM
    • AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT
    • FOCUSES ON WORLDLY AFFAIRS (ADVENTURE, ACHIEVEMENT, CREATING, DISCOVERY) – NOT
    RELIGIOUS ISSUES
    • PEOPLE PURSUING HUMANISM ARE CALED HUMANIST
    • ITALIAN HUMANIST’S
    • LEONARDO DA VINCI – MONA LISA AND THE LAST SUPPER
    • FRANCESCO PETRARCH – ASSEMBLED A LIBRARY OF GREEK (HOMER) AND ROMAN (VIRGIL)
    WORKS
    • RENAISSANCE ARTISTS – used well known people and focused on individual achievements, not
    religious issues
    • Renaissance- didn’t work with religion. Tried to get away from the religion. As a result they draw
    and made art works of people, architecture, and more. Not the god or religion related topics.
    SECTION 2
    • RENAISSANCE IN THE NORTH – BLACK DEATH DELAYED RECOVERY

    • ALBRECHT DURER – CALLED THE GERMAN LEONARDO - HIS


    PAINTINGS / ENGRAVINGS REFLECTED RELIGIOUS UPHEAVAL :means
    disorganized or chaos. He drew religion negatively. Drew pictures to
    diminish and criticize the religion. Used engraving in his art.

    • SIR THOMAS MORE – WROTE A BOOK CALLED UTOPIA, IDEAL


    SOCIETY WHERE EVERYONE LIVED IN PEACE AND HARMONY
    SECTION 3

    •PROTESTANT REFORMATION
    POWER OF THE CHURCH BECOMES
    CHALLENGED LATE 1400S
    • MAJOR CAUSE OF THESE PROTESTS – INDULGENCES: It was a CRITICAL event or turning point that made people
    leaving form the catholic church. Indulgences is an action of blessing. Church was granting giving out the indulgences. Church
    said that of church granted the indulgences to the person, that person’s time spending in purgatory afterlife, would be reduced.
     church sold indulgences to people and earned money. _+ people started to doubt church’s authority to giving permissions to
    such things as granting indulgences, schism, excommunication, and more. _
    • HOWEVER, PEOPL ETHOUGHT THAT SALVATION OR INDULGENCE IS IN GOD’S DOMAIN NOT CHURCH. NO WHERE IN BIBLE OR
    ANY KIND OF SACRED WRITINGS ARE SAYING THAT CHURCH HAS AN AUTHORITY TO GIVE INDULGENCES TO PEOPLE.
    • Making people paying money to buy an indulgence worsen the situation.

    • THIS LED TO THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

    • CHURCH STARTS TO SELL THEM, PREVIOUSLY GRANTED FOR GOOD DEEDS (CRUSADES)
    • People started to leave from the catholic, as the mistrust(to much power of church ex. Schism) toward the catholic church
    growing.
    • MARTIN LUTHER – OPPOSED INDULGENCES, POPE HAD NO AUTHORITY TO RELEASE SOULS FROM
    PURGATORY, ONLY SAVED (SALVATION) THRU FAITH / WROTE HIS 95 THESIS – He was a monk.
    Catholic Church. Wrote 95 arguments and the major topic was about indulgences of the church.
    • PEASANTS REVOLT IN GERMANY OVER THE SOCIAL ORDER AND LUTHER’S RESPONSE??????  For
    better opportunity: jobs, land, and more peasants revolted  In religious chaos, they protest for
    themselves right, However, Martin Luther didn’t help them. Luther thought that he don’t have to
    involve in social problem, but not religious problem.
    • JOHN CALVIN – ALSO OPPOSED INDULGENCES, SALVATION BELIEVED IN PREDESTINATION (SAINTS
    AND SINNERS) / ESTABLISHED GENEVA IN SWITZERLAND AS A THEOCRACY – CALVANISM /
    PROTESTANT
    • PEACE OF AUGSBURG – GERMAN PRINCES DECIDE RELIGION TO BE FOLLOWED IN THEIR LANDS –
    WITHOUT INTERFERENCE : People can choose what religion they wanted to believe in.
    • Predestination: god knows whether what he oir she will become after th times
    • All Catholics are Christians but not all Catholics aer catholic.
    SECTION 4
    REFORMATION IDEAS SPREAD

    • THE ENGLISH REFORMATION


    • THE STORY OF HENRY VIII – FROM SUPPORTER OF
    THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OPPOSING REFORMERS TO THE ACT OF SUPREMACY IN 1534 AND THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
    Henry the 8th was the supporter of the Catholic Church. He was against the revolution side. Defended the church from
    the changes caused by the protests.
    His first wife is from the Catholic family. She is from the loyal family of Spain. Since the first wife wasn’t able to make a
    son, Henry the 8th asked pope to end his marriage with his first wife. But church didn’t allowed it  Henry expelled the
    catholic church from the England. Then he built a new church  A church of England. He proclaims himself to be the
    head of the church of the England. Thomas More and Henry is best friend  Henry afford a lot of advises from Thomas
    More. Thomas More said that he won’t help Henry. To Thomas, catholic church was the first loyalty. So henry got mad
    at his best friend and execute him.
    MADE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND REMOVED CATHOLIC CHURCH BECAUSE CATHOLIC CHURCH DIDN’T ALLOW THE
    ENROLLMENT, DIVORCE, AND REMARRIAGE.
    • THOMAS MORE BEHEADED BECAUSE HE WENT AGAINST HENRY BUT WENT FOR CATHOLIC CHUCH. HENRY KILLED
    HIM THOUGH THEY WERE BEST FRIEDN IN THE PAST.
    • THE ROLE OF SIR THOMAS MORE AND HIS EXECUTION
    THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

    • THE COUNCIL OF TRENT – CALLED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DIRECTING THE REFORM MOVEMENT IN THE CHURCH
    • Appointed by the church to address the problem of the church and get the right resolution in order to solve the
    problem of the catholic church. MADE BY HIGH RANKING CHURCH CLERGY MEMBERS AROUND TGE EUROPE.

    • ONE OF THE COUNCIL’S MEASURES WAS TO PROVIDE PENALTIES FOR CORRUPTION


    Penalty for being corrupt was being demoted from the current status. Indulgences are church’s authority however,
    church said that they won’t sell it anymore. (still indulgence is church’s domain, but it is not for a way to earn
    money)

    • 1540 CHURCH RECOGNIZES THE JESUITS(SIMILAR TO MONK HELPED CATHOLIC FAOTH SPREADING AROUND THE
    WORLD.) – role was to defend and spread the catholic church
    • ANABAPTISTS – RADICAL RELIGIOUS ORDER WHO REJECTED INFANT BAPTISMS
    •  INSISTING THAT BABIES AND OTHER PEOPLE WHO DON’T HAVE A STRENGTH TO MAKE A CHOICE, ARE ALMOST
    FORCED TO BE A CATHOLIC, AND GOT BAPTISM WITHOUT A CHOICE.
    • THERE ARE SO MANY GROUPS THAT WERE AGAINST THE CATHOLIC IN THIS ERA.
    • DURING THE HEIGHT OF RELIGIOUS PASSION - CHRISTIANITY (1450 – 1750),
    BELIEF IN MAGIC – AIDED BY THE DEVIL, AND WITCHCRAFT WAS STRONG
    •  STARTED BECAUSE OF THE DECREASE OF PEOPLE BELONGS TO THE
    CATHOLIC CHURCH. CHRISTIANS AND CHURCH SAID THAT SO MANY PEOPLE
    ARE LEAVING THE CHURCH BECAUSE DEVIL IS BEHIND THEM.  GRADUALLY
    EVOLVED INTO WITCHCRAFT AND PEOPLE USED THIS TO MURDER CERTAIN
    PEOPLE THAT HINDERS ONE’S PURPOSE OR GOAL. SOMETIMES IT
    HAPPENED BECAUSE OF THE JEALOPUSHY AND HATES BETWEEN THE
    PEOPLE.

    • THIS LED TO WITCH HUNTS AND THE KILLING OF 10,000S OF PEOPLE


    SECTION 5 – SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
    • NICOLAUS COPERNICUS – EARLY 1500S / GALILEO – LATE 1500S
    • PROPOSED AND SUPPORTED A HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE: sun is center of the universe and everything rotates around the
    sun. Before the heliocentric theory, people believed geocentric theory, proposed previously by the catholic church. 
    another hit to the catholic church. Catholic church made Galileo recant his view  church put condemnation to Galileo.
     excommunicated by catholic church and other humanist protected him.
    • REACTION BY THE CHURCH AND EXPERTS TO THIS VIEW????????
    Humanist supported Copernicus and Galileo sine they are doing the topic of renaissance exactly, discovering the truth and be
    evolved. Innovate and get new technology and try to be developed, all of the things that both of them were doing was
    exactly same as what renaissance humanist were doing.
    • NEW SCIENTIFIC METHED – HYPOTHESIS, POSSIBLE EXPLANATION TO BE TESTED USING A STEP BY STEP PROCESS
    • Hypothesis is tentative. We don’t know if the idea is right or wrong. It is just a suggestion that has made by people base on
    the logical thinking. It is an idea that has to be tested to be proven. On the other hand, theory is a proven idea that it is
    relatively more believable. It is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been
    substantiated by data.

    • Science has evidence and religion has faith. These two different topics have really went into head to head in the era of the
    renaissance.

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