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03 Database Approach

The document discusses the database approach to data management. It provides 3 key advantages: 1) program-data independence which allows applications to access data without worrying about formats and data access routines, 2) minimal data redundancy which improves integrity and consistency, and 3) improved data sharing which allows different views of data for different users. The history of databases is also summarized, from early use of magnetic tapes and punched cards, to modern large data warehouses and emergence of web commerce.

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70 views

03 Database Approach

The document discusses the database approach to data management. It provides 3 key advantages: 1) program-data independence which allows applications to access data without worrying about formats and data access routines, 2) minimal data redundancy which improves integrity and consistency, and 3) improved data sharing which allows different views of data for different users. The history of databases is also summarized, from early use of magnetic tapes and punched cards, to modern large data warehouses and emergence of web commerce.

Uploaded by

UmER KhAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://sahibulsaif.wordpress.

com/wisdom/bismillah-nature/
CSC271 – DATABASE SYSTEMS

LECTURE - 03

THE DATABASE APPROACH


PREVIOUS LECTURE OVERVIEW
Today’s Lecture

In this lecture, you will learn about:


 Database approach
 Advantages of Databases
 History of Databases
The DATABASE Approach

 Central repository of shared data. Data is managed by a controlling agent Stored in


a standardized, convenient form.
 Controlling agent is named as Database Management System (DBMS).

DBMS:
A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to
user databases
The DATABASE Approach

Order Filing
System

Invoicing Central database


DBMS
System
Contains employee,
order, inventory,
Payroll pricing, and
System
DBMS manages data customer data
resources like an operating
system manages hardware
resources.
Database Approach vs File Based Systems
Advantages of Database Approach

 Program-Data Independence
 Metadata stored in DBMS, so applications don’t need to worry about data
formats
 Data queries/updates managed by DBMS so programs don’t need to process
data access routines (reading/writing etc.)
 Results in: increased application development and maintenance productivity

 Minimal Data Redundancy


 Leads to increased data integrity/consistency
Advantages of Database Approach

 Improved Data Sharing


 Different users get different views of the data

 Enforcement of Standards
 All data access is done in the same way

 Improved Data Quality


 Constraints, data validation rules
Advantages of Database Approach

 Better Data Accessibility/ Responsiveness


 Use of standard data query language (SQL)

 Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency


 Disaster recovery is easier
Costs of Database Approach

 Up-front costs:
 Installation Management Cost and Complexity
 Conversion Costs
 Ongoing Costs
 Requires New, Specialized Personnel
 Need for Explicit Backup and Recovery
 Organizational Conflict
 Old habits die hard
History of Database Systems

 1950s and early 1960s:


 Data processing using magnetic tapes for storage
 Tapes provided only sequential access
 Punched cards for input
History of Database Systems

 Late 1960s and 1970s:


 Hard disks allowed direct access to data
 Network and hierarchical data models in widespread use
 Ted Codd defines the relational data model
 Would win the ACM Turing Award for this work
 IBM Research begins System R prototype
 High-performance (for the era) transaction processing
History of Database Systems

 1980s:
 Research relational prototypes evolve into commercial systems
 SQL becomes industrial standard
 Parallel and distributed database systems
 Object-oriented database systems

 1990s:
 Large decision support and data-mining applications
 Large multi-terabyte data warehouses
 Emergence of Web commerce
History of Database Systems

 Early 2000s:
 XML and XQuery standards
 Automated database administration

 Later 2000s:
 Giant data storage systems
 Google BigTable, Yahoo PNuts, Amazon
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