Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 61 views

    Unit 11 Igneous Rocks Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Min
    This document provides an overview of igneous petrology and the classification of igneous rocks. It defines key terms like intrusive, extrusive, felsic, mafic, and discusses how igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral content and texture. Examples of different rock types are shown, from ultramafic peridotites to felsic rhyolites and granites. Pyroclastic rocks and textures of igneous rocks are also explained. Self-assessment questions are provided to test understanding of igneous rock identification and classification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit 11 Igneous Rocks Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Min
    61 views27 pages
    This document provides an overview of igneous petrology and the classification of igneous rocks. It defines key terms like intrusive, extrusive, felsic, mafic, and discusses how igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral content and texture. Examples of different rock types are shown, from ultramafic peridotites to felsic rhyolites and granites. Pyroclastic rocks and textures of igneous rocks are also explained. Self-assessment questions are provided to test understanding of igneous rock identification and classification.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of igneous petrology and the classification of igneous rocks. It defines key terms like intrusive, extrusive, felsic, mafic, and discusses how igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral content and texture. Examples of different rock types are shown, from ultramafic peridotites to felsic rhyolites and granites. Pyroclastic rocks and textures of igneous rocks are also explained. Self-assessment questions are provided to test understanding of igneous rock identification and classification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views27 pages

    Unit 11 Igneous Rocks Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Min
    This document provides an overview of igneous petrology and the classification of igneous rocks. It defines key terms like intrusive, extrusive, felsic, mafic, and discusses how igneous rocks are classified based on their mineral content and texture. Examples of different rock types are shown, from ultramafic peridotites to felsic rhyolites and granites. Pyroclastic rocks and textures of igneous rocks are also explained. Self-assessment questions are provided to test understanding of igneous rock identification and classification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Igneous Petrology Mike Petterson

    ENVS 522
    Our
    Dynamic
    Earth

    PART 2

    Watch in slide show, change slides after narration


    Learning Outcomes
    • Main minerals of igneous rocks
    • Main names and definitions of igneous rocks
    • How igneous rocks are classified
    • Different appearance of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks
    • How to describe igneous rocks
    • Relationship of rock type to origin and processes that produce the rock
    • Ability to distinguish between different rock types & classify rocks
    • Definition of the terms ultrabasic, ultramafic, basic, mafic,
    intermediate, felsic, acid with respect to igneous rocks
    • What is the colour index of igneous rocks?
    Study Resources

    • Marshak, Portrait of a Planet, Chapter 6, (Magma & Igneous Rocks) Plummer,


    • Physical Geology, E Book, Chapters 3 & 4 (Igneous Rocks & Magmas, and
    Volcanism & Extrusive rocks) https://
    ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/aut/detail.action?docID=5662628
    • https://geology.com/rocks/igneous-rocks.shtml : igneous rocks website
    • https://
    www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/geology-and-oceanography/geol
    ogy-and-oceanography/igneous-rocks
    : enclyclopedic summary of igneous rocks
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtUMMZKHGqQ : igneous rocks in 1 minute

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjyF-te4lQI : identifying igneous rocks
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laVDypLGdbs : classifying igneous rocks
    Olivine
    Amphibole

    Pyroxene (darker material)

    Alkali feldspar

    Plagioclase Feldspar

    Muscovite

    Biotite Quartz
    Classification
    Of
    Igneous Rocks
    By
    Mineral Content
    Classification
    Of
    Plutonic
    Igneous Rocks
    Depending on the proprtions
    Of
    Quartz (Q)
    Plagioclase Feldspar (P)
    Alkali Feldspar (A)
    Rocks are mixtures of Mineral Definition:

    minerals •
    •
    Naturally occurring
    Chemical Compound
    • E.g. a piece of granite • Mostly Abiogenic
    • Defined chemical composition
    • Have a Crystalline structure
    • Defined by physical and chemical
    parameters
    • May be native elements, silicates
    oxides, sulphides, carbonates, etc.
    Intrusive Igneous Rocks
    =
    Coarser Grained

    Extrusive Igneous Rocks


    =
    Finer Grained
    Different types
    Of Igneous
    Rock and their
    Environmental
    Setting within
    One
    Volcano
    Volcanic glass (obsidian)
    Vesicular basalt
    basalt

    Extrusive Volcanic rocks


    From effusive
    Andesite
    (quiet) eruptions
    Crystal rich andesite
    granite

    Intrusive Igneous Rocks

    gabbro
    Volcanic ash (tephra)

    Ignimbrite Highly welded ignimbrite

    Pyroclastic
    Rocks
    &
    Deposits
    Colour Index of Igneous Rocks: Melanocratic (darker), Mesocratic (medium) leucocratic (lighter)
    Ultramafic/Ultrabasic
    Rocks
    Peridotites
    SiO2 < 40%
    Vesicular Feldspar-phyric
    Olivine Porphyritic basalt
    basalt Deccan
    India

    Fine grained basic rocks


    (basalts)
    SiO2 45-55%

    Pillow basalt
    Gabbro: Note the colour
    Coarse grained basic Index !
    Igneous rock

    pyroxene feldspar
    Porphyritic texture

    Amphibole feldspar

    Andesite: SiO2: 55-65%


    Intermediate Volcanic Rock
    Mesocratic colour index
    Diorite
    Coarse Grained Intermediate rock
    Mesocratic
    SiO2: 55%-65% SiO2
    Rhyolite
    Acid Volcanic Rock (SiO2 >65%)
    Leucocratic colour index
    Granite
    Coarse Grained Igneous Rock
    Acid: SiO2>65%
    Leucocratic colour index
    Tuff/Ash matrix
    Pyroclastic rocks

    crystals

    Fiamme
    (welded pumice)

    Welded tuff with lapilli


    Welded lapilli tuff (ignimbrite) Vesicular volcanic bomb
    (scoria)
    Volcanic breccia

    Pyroclastic rocks, are fragmental,


    Comprising ash, lapilli and
    blocks/bombs. Clast
    Welded volcanic breccia (ignimbrite) Bedded volcanic ash and lapilli layers
    shapes/angularity/size vary
    Igneous textures: Provide information about the crystallisation process

    Granular:
    Crystals are more equally sized
    And relatively large:
    Grown slowly at depth

    Porphyritic:
    Larger crystals set in
    A finer matrix:
    Larger crystals taken time to
    Grow. Matrix has ‘frozen’ rapidly

    Aphanitic:
    Fine or V fine grained
    Magma cooled rapidly
    Little time for larger Xls
    To form
    Porphyritic

    Granular or

    Phaneritic = Granular
    Some Igneous Rock Textures: Summary
    Crystal Shapes: Euhedral = ‘well formed’; anhedral = poorly formed;
    subhedral = ‘quite well formed’
    Rock thin sections
    For microscope
    analysis

    Granite:
    Granular,
    Equigranular,
    Dominated
    By large Xls
    Of feldspar

    Note the
    Textures (e.g.
    Worm-like
    Textures within
    Xls..exsolution
    Olivine Basalt: Porphyritic with phenocrysts
    textures
    Of larger Olivine and Pyroxene in a dark f-gr matrix
    Self Assessment Questions
    • What are the main mafic minerals of igneous rocks?
    • What are the main felsic minerals of igneous rocks?
    • How can igneous rocks be classified?
    • What do the term basic and acid mean?
    • What is a porphyritic texture?
    • Why are plutonic rocks coarser grained?
    • Which has the higher colour index: basalt or rhyolite?
    • What minerals would a granite contain?
    • What is a granular texture?
    • What type of igneous rock could a pyroclastic eruption produce?

    You might also like