Istory Project 2020-21

HISTORY PROJECT
By –Dipankar Chakraborty
Class and section-12 'E'
Year 2020-21
MAHATMA GANDHI AND
THE NATIONALIST
MOVEMENT
(CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE AND BEYOND)
CONTENT
Introduction
Life
of Mahatma
Gandhi
Gandhi's
Movements
1) Champaran Movement
2) Kheda Movement
3) Khilafat Movement
4) Non- Cooperation
Movement
5) Quit India Movement
The Great Step
Towards Freedom
The Assassination
Of Mahatma Gandhi
Timeline
Bibliography
Introduction
 Mahatma Gandhi also known as the father of the
nation and many other names.
 He was a
freedom fighter, a politician and lived a
common man life.
 In this project we will know he made
movements which finally led to the freedom
of our country
 His life achievements, his studies, his childhood,
his life in abroad and how he was assassinated
LIFE OF MAHATMA GANDHI
He was born on 2nd
October 1869 and died a
sad but honored death on
January 30th 1948
Mahatma Gandhi as a child
He was a very shy in the school
and an average student
He was very introvert but he
always kept his honesty and
sincerity
His married life
Gandhi got married in 1882 at the
age of 13, because child marriage
was still valid and a custom too.
He married to Kasturbai Mukhanji
and there after they had four
children all boys.
His studies
Gandhi passed matriculation exam in
1887 and went back home as he found
the studies in college very tough.
Then he went to London for
further studies and in 1888 he studied
law.
His job life
 He went to Bombay High Court and start doing his
practice.
 He was not doing that great there and the main
reason for that was that he did not like to take
false or un-ethical cases.
 Dueto that his practice in Bombay High Court did
not help him to establish and after that he moved
to Rajkot.
 Eventhere he was not doing that great and at the
end he decided to go to South Africa
His life in south africa
 Gandhi’s real journey started in South Africa.
 Here he learned a lot of things and also practiced
his law.
 Gandhi was only 24 when he arrived in Africa.
 Atthat time South Africa was under British rule
and he soon discovered the racism is faced by
black people and Indian’s over in South Africa.

Inearly June of 1893, Gandhi was beaten up and
thrown out of train, because he was traveling
through first class passenger cabin and he refused
to move to third class train cabin just because he
was Indian.
 Back then South Africa was ruled by British and
the racism was so high that it was clearly written
in first class cabin that “dogs and Indians are not
allowed”and even then he travelled in first class.
 That incident moved him greatly and from here he
emerged as the great leader 'Mahatma Gandhi'.
 He did great work there to help the South africans
and because of that he became an icon there.
MAHATMA GANDHI'S
MOVEMENTS
-TOWARDS FREEDOM
 Hereturned to india from South Africa on 1915
and he was already a role model and an
inspiration to the younger generation.
 He came back to india when india was ruled by
britishers and he was completely against it.
 Hewanted britishers to leave india and for that
he started doing movements.
CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT
(SATYAGRAHA)
 In1917, in the champaran district of bihar, the
cultivation were forced to grow indigo, a blue
colour dye and this imposed on them untold
suffering.
 They could not grow the food they needed nor did
they recive adequate payment for the indigo.
 He then had to go there and take a closer look at
the condition and
then after getting enough public response he was
able to help them.
KHEDA MOVEMENT
(SATYAGRAHA)
 Farmers asked the britishers to relax the payment of taxes
as kheda wa hit by flood on 1918.
 When the britishers failed to pay need to the request,
gandhi took the case of the farmers and led the protest.
 He instructed to refrain from paying revenue no matter
what. Later the britishers gave in and accepted to relax the
revenue collection and gave its word to vallabhai patel,
who had represent farmers .
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
 Thekhilafat movement was led by two muslim
brothers 'Muhommad Ali' and 'Shaukat Ali' also
known as the Ali brothers.
 The reason for starting this movementwas to
save the ottoman empire after the world war 1
and the indian muslims wanted to secure their
khalifa which was the turkish leader at the time
that the hindu muslims unity was a
big support for khilafat movement.
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 The non-cooperation movement was
launched on 5th september 1920 by
mahatma gandhi with the aim of self-
governance and obtaining full
independence(purna swaraj) as the indian
national congress(INC) withdrew its support
for british reforms following the rowlett act
of 21st march 1919 and the jallianwala
bagh massacre of 13 april 1919.
Rowlett act (1919)
 The act suspended the right of political prisoners
in sedition trails was seen as apolitical awakening
by indians and as a 'threat' by the britishers
 The political prisoners mean that the person doing
or practicing political invokation which was
against law.
 In other words the prisoner will not be given
trial in the court to prove his innocence when he
is caught in some political invokation against
britishers.
Jallianwala bagh massacre
This incident took place on 13th

april 1919,when general dyer
orderd troops of the britishers to
open fire their rifles into a crowd
of unarmed indian civilians killing
at least 379 people and injured
more than 1,200 people.
 Thesewere some of the reasons for non-
cooperation movement.
 The impact of the movement was a total
shock to britishers and
a massive encouragement to millions of
indians nationalists.
 Unity
in the country was strengthened and
many indian schools and colleges were
made
 After
that a massacre took place at chauri
chaura, a small town in garakhpur uttar
pradesh.
A police officer had attacked some
volunteers picketing a liquior shop.
A whole crowd of peasents that had
gatherd there went to the
police station the mob set fire to the police
station with some 22 police men inside it.
The end of non-cooperation
movement
 After the incident at chauri chaura and more
voilence here and there gandhi was forced to
withdraw the movement .
 Mahatma gandhi was arrested on 18th march1922
he was imprisoned for six years for
publishing seditious material. This led to the
suppression pf the movement and followed by the
arrest of others leaders.
OUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
 After
the failure of the cripps movement,
mahatma gandhi decide to launch his third major
movement against britishers.
 This was the 'Quit India' campaign which began on
august 1942, althought gandhi ji was jailed at
once, younger activists, organised strikes and
acts of sabotage all over
the country particularly active in
the underground resistance were socialist
members of congress such as jayaprakash
narayan.
 Inseveral districts such as satara in the west and
medinipur in the east 'independent' government
were proclaimed the britishers responded with
much force, yet it took more than a year to
supress the rebbelion.
 In june 1944, with the end of the war in
sight, gandhi ji was realesed from prision.
 Laterthat year he held a series of meeting with
jennah, seeking to bridge the gap between the
congress and the league.
 In 1945, a labour government came to power and
commited itself to granting indipendence to
india.
THE GREAT STEP TOWARDS
FREEDOM
 THE DANDI MARCH
Soon
after the observence of "independence
day" mahatma gandhi announced that he would lead
a march to break one of the most widely disliked
laws in british india, which gave the state a
monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt.his
picking on the salt monopoly was another
illustration of gandhiji's tactical wisdom.
 Onmarch 12 1930, gandhi ji began walking
from his ashram at sabarmati towards the
ocean.
 Hereached his destination three weeks later
making a fist full of salt as he did and thereby
making himself a criminal in the eye of the
law meanwhile, parallel salt marches were bein
g conducted in other parts of the country.
 The march ended on 6 april 1930.
THE ASSASSINATION OF
MAHATMA GANDHI
 Mahatma gandhi was assassinated on 30 january 1948
in the compound of birla house, alarge mansion in
new delhi his assassin was 'Nathuram Godse' an
advocate of hindu nationlisme, a member of the
political party the hindu mahasabha.
 According to witness gandhi had reached the top of
the steps leading to the raised lawn behind birla
house and was shot with 3 bullets in the chest and
abdomen and after some time a person came and
anounced him dead.
TIMELINE
TIME EVENT
1915 MAHATMA GANDHI RETURNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA
1917 CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT
1918 PEASENTS MOVEMENT IN KHEDA, AND WORKERS MOVEMENT IN

AHEMDABAD
1919 ROWLETT SATYAGRAHA
1919 JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE
1921 NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT AND KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
1928 PEASENTS MOVEMENT IN BARDOLI

TIME EVENT
1929 PURNA SWARAJ ACCEPTED AS CONGRESS GOAL AT LAHORE

CONGRESSS
1930 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT BEGINS DANDI MARCH
1931 GANDHI- IRWIN PACT
1935 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT PROMISES SOME FORM OF

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
1939 CONGRESS MINITRIES RESIGN
1942 QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

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HISTORY PROJECT

This incident took place on 13th

1915 MAHATMA GANDHI RETURNS FROM SOUTH AFRICA

1917 CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT

1918 PEASENTS MOVEMENT IN KHEDA, AND WORKERS MOVEMENT IN

1919 JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE

1921 NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT AND KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

1928 PEASENTS MOVEMENT IN BARDOLI

1929 PURNA SWARAJ ACCEPTED AS CONGRESS GOAL AT LAHORE

1931 GANDHI- IRWIN PACT

1935 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT PROMISES SOME FORM OF

1942 QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT

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