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Transaction - ID Customer - Id Channel Product Price Discount: Is The Alias' For and Is Designated Using

1) The document discusses SQL queries for aggregating data and joining tables. 2) It shows how to write queries using COUNT, aliases, joins, and aggregation functions like AVG. 3) An example joins the TRANSACTIONS and PRODUCTS tables to return average price by medium, excluding resellers and results over $10.

Uploaded by

Juan Sebastian Rodríguez Garzón
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views10 pages

Transaction - ID Customer - Id Channel Product Price Discount: Is The Alias' For and Is Designated Using

1) The document discusses SQL queries for aggregating data and joining tables. 2) It shows how to write queries using COUNT, aliases, joins, and aggregation functions like AVG. 3) An example joins the TRANSACTIONS and PRODUCTS tables to return average price by medium, excluding resellers and results over $10.

Uploaded by

Juan Sebastian Rodríguez Garzón
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL – Whole Table Aggregations

Transaction_ID Customer_Id Channel Product Price Discount


1000123 60067 Web Book 9.95
1000124 12345 Store Book 11.95
TRANSACTIONS

1000125 23451 Store DVD 14.95


1000126 70436 Reseller DVD 19.95 5
1000127 66772 Store Magazine 3.25
1000128 60067 Web Book 29.95
1000129 72045 Web DVD 9.95
1000130 82371 Reseller Magazine 2.5 0.25
1000131 12345 Store Book 7.95

COUNT(*)
SELECT COUNT(*) OR
9 9
FROM TRANSACTIONS

SELECT COUNT(*) AS NUM_ROWS NUM_ROWS


FROM TRANSACTIONS 9

• NUM_ROWS is the ‘Alias’ for COUNT(*) and is designated using ‘AS’


SQL – Shorthand using ‘Aliases’
Column Aliases: SELECT COUNT(*) AS NUM_ROWS
FROM TRANSACTIONS

Table Aliases:
SELECT CHANNEL, PRODUCT, PRICE
FROM TRANSACTIONS

OR

SELECT TRANSACTIONS.CHANNEL, TRANSACTIONS.PRODUCT,


TRANSACTIONS.PRICE
FROM TRANSACTIONS

OR

SELECT a.CHANNEL, a.PRODUCT, a.PRICE


FROM TRANSACTIONS a
• In this case, ‘a’ is used as an alias for the table
SQL – JOINing Tables
The real power of SQL is the ability to link tables across a
relational database structure
B.KEY

A.KEY

FULL OUTER JOIN INNER JOIN LEFT (OUTER) JOIN

A B A B A B
SQL – JOIN Statements

SELECT a.FIELD_1, ..., a.FIELD_N, b.FIELD_1, ..., b.FIELD_N


FROM TABLE_1 a
FULL OUTER JOIN TABLE_2 b
ON a.KEY = b.KEY

SELECT a.FIELD_1, ..., a.FIELD_N, b.FIELD_1, ..., b.FIELD_N


FROM TABLE_1 a
INNER JOIN TABLE_2 b
ON a.KEY = b.KEY

SELECT a.FIELD_1, ..., a.FIELD_N, b.FIELD_1, ..., b.FIELD_N


FROM TABLE_1 a
LEFT JOIN TABLE_2 b
ON a.KEY = b.KEY
SQL – Identifying the JOIN field
Transaction_ID Customer_Id Channel Product Price Discount
1000123 60067 Web Book 9.95
1000124 12345 Store Book 11.95
1000125 23451 Store DVD 14.95
1000126 70436 Reseller DVD 19.95 5
1000127 66772 Store Magazine 3.25
1000128 60067 Web Book 29.95
1000129 72045 Web DVD 9.95
1000130 82371 Reseller Magazine 2.5 0.25
1000131 12345 Store Book 7.95

TRANSACTIONS PRODUCTS
Product Material Medium
Book Stock Paper Visual
Transaction_ID Product
DVD Plastic Audiovisual
Customer_ID Material
Magazine Glossy Paper Visual
Channel Medium
CD Plastic Audio
Product
Newspaper Newsprint Visual
Price
MP3 Digital Audio
Discount
SQL – JOIN Statements
Let’s say I want more information about the products that were
actually purchased:
SELECT a.*, b.*
FROM TRANSACTIONS a
LEFT JOIN PRODUCTS b
ON a.PRODUCT = b.PRODUCT

Transaction_ID Customer_Id Channel Product Price Discount Material Medium


1000123 60067 Web Book 9.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000124 12345 Store Book 11.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000125 23451 Store DVD 14.95 Plastic Audiovisual
1000126 70436 Reseller DVD 19.95 5 Plastic Audiovisual
1000127 66772 Store Magazine 3.25 Glossy Paper Visual
1000128 60067 Web Book 29.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000129 72045 Web DVD 9.95 Plastic Audiovisual
1000130 82371 Reseller Magazine 2.5 0.25 Glossy Paper Visual
1000131 12345 Store Book 7.95 Stock Paper Visual
SQL – JOIN Statements
Why not an INNER JOIN?

SELECT a.*, b.*


FROM TRANSACTIONS a
INNER JOIN PRODUCTS b
ON a.PRODUCT = b.PRODUCT

• In this case, the query would actually return the same result
• However, if a product were missing from the PRODUCT table,
those transactions would be eliminated
• Sometimes this is desirable, sometimes not, depending on the
question you are trying to answer!
SQL – JOIN Statements
Why not a FULL OUTER JOIN?

SELECT a.*, b.*


FROM TRANSACTIONS a
FULL OUTER JOIN PRODUCTS b
ON a.PRODUCT = b.PRODUCT

Transaction_ID Customer_Id Channel Product Price Discount Material Medium


1000123 60067 Web Book 9.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000124 12345 Store Book 11.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000125 23451 Store DVD 14.95 Plastic Audiovisual
1000126 70436 Reseller DVD 19.95 5 Plastic Audiovisual
1000127 66772 Store Magazine 3.25 Glossy Paper Visual
1000128 60067 Web Book 29.95 Stock Paper Visual
1000129 72045 Web DVD 9.95 Plastic Audiovisual
1000130 82371 Reseller Magazine 2.5 0.25 Glossy Paper Visual
1000131 12345 Store Book 7.95 Stock Paper Visual
Newspaper Newsprint Visual
MP3 Digital Audio
SQL – More JOINing Logic
SQL – JOIN Statements
Extended Example:
• Return average price of products by Medium
• Exclude Resellers
• Only include Medium values where average price > 10
• Sort results from highest to lowest average price

SELECT b.MEDIUM, AVG(a.PRICE) AS AVG_PRICE


FROM TRANSACTIONS a
LEFT JOIN PRODUCTS b
ON a.PRODUCT = b.PRODUCT
WHERE a.CHANNEL <> 'RESELLER'
GROUP BY b.MEDIUM
HAVING AVG_PRICE > 12.50
ORDER BY AVG_PRICE DESC Medium AVG_PRICE
Visual 12.61
Audiovisual 12.45

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