Computer Based Training

& Distance learning

University of Education, Vehari Campus

Kainat Saleem
 Contents
• Computer based training
• Generic vs. authored
• Types of CBT
• Evaluation of CBT
• Benefits & Drawback of CBT
• Distance learning
• Characteristics of distance learning
• Types of interaction
 Computer Based Training

• Training program (not connected to a network):

• computer takes the teacher's role
• Type of education
• students learn by executing special training programs on computers
• Product containing the pre-build learning material CD-Rom or online packet
• Specific computer software used for instructional purposes
• CMI vs. CAI
 Computers take over

• Instruction
• Management of learning/teaching processes
• Monitoring learners´ progress
• Providing feedback
• Assessing final results
 Generic Vs. Authored

1) Generic CBT
Pre-produced software focused on specific topics
2) Authored CBT
Blank notebook
 CBT Relates to other Concepts
• CAI Computer-Assisted Instruction
• CMI Computer-Managed Instruction
• CBI Computer-Based Instruction
• CAL Computer-Assisted Learning
• CAT Computer-Assisted Testing
• Although
• CBT equals or includes CAI CMI, CBU, CAL, CAT
• Mostly
• CBT denominates the product
 CBT can be
used for
• as far as Forms of
Learning are concerned
• Formal learning
• Non-formal
learning
• Informal learning
 CBT and Learning Theories
• Behaviorism – gave the concept of individualized instruction,
the idea of a continuous control of effectiveness
• Cognitivism - led to provide hints instead of giving an
immediate feedback.
• Constructivism - led to include open problem-solving situations
 Types of CBT

CBT types depending on the teaching method

1. Demonstration
2. Tutorial
3. Simulation
 Cont’d..
• Demonstration
• is best used to support the introduction of new information
• applied widely for creation of instruction books
• is similar to E-book concerning the learning method
• Tutorial
• main feature: a sequential manner of introducing new information
• useful for teaching factual information, simple discrimination, rules, and simple
application of rules
 Cont’d…
• Simulation
• used when practicing a skill in its real context is too costly or
dangerous (such as military or pilot training)
• used to model real-world situations
• type variation: Training games
• competition elements provide motivating and engaging opportunities for
practicing skills
Cont...
 Evaluation of CBT
• Evaluation of CBT with respect to following aspects :
• Technology - concerning program operation
• Contents - meeting audience interests
• Didactics - adequate pedagogic strategy
 Program Operation
•
Program Operation: issues of consideration
 

•Compatibility with the system

•Bugs and breaks
•Treatment of users´ errors
•Users´ control over the program operation
•Clarity of directions
•Usability of graphics, sound, color capabilities
•Checklists on technical issues
•Teacher's and students´ degree of computer competence
 Content Accuracy

• Utility of CBT for specific education sectors - e.g., computer

operating instruction
• Inadequacy of CBT for other education fields - e.g.,
communicative competence
• Clarity of the material goals - correctness of presentation
 Pedagogical evaluation
• Insufficient and inadequate research on this aspect :
• Technological innovations advertised as being effective are taken to be effective
• Interest in quantity and spread of technology investments more than in
evaluation of educational adequacy
• Inadequacy of evaluation formats, e.g. science research reports
• Comparing the incomparable - incompatibility of precise computer language
and vague learning theories
 Benefits of CBT
Learning Situation
• Self-paced, flexible, individualized, convenient
• Suitable educational method for adults, on-the job and off-the-job availability
• Immediate feedback and scoring possible
• Integrated texts, graphics, video and sound
• Increased control and self-control possible
• Increased learning satisfaction and motivation, (trendy method)
• Reduced resource requirements
 Drawbacks of CBT
Learning Situation
• high costs of supplying software and hardware infrastructure
• technical and didactic limitations
• technical errors, unclear orders or instructions
• narrow possibilities of interacting and creating
• small variation of practicing structures, e.g. multiple-choice or completion tests -
passive practicing
Distance Learning
 Distance Learning
• “Education where teachers and students are separated in the place and
time. The gap between the two can be bridged through the technology.
Particularly those relying on computers, audio or video technology as the
medium of delivery and, sometimes, for two-way instruction.”
• Distance Education (Distance Learning, Open Learning, E-learning,
Online Learning Or Web-based Learning)
 Characteristics of Distance Learning
• Provides learning opportunities to individual learners and groups who
may not have the chance and time to attend formal schooling.
• Learner – centered.
• Provides learning packages designed for self- directed learning utilizing
various media, multi- media and other new technologies.
• Has an organizational structure and clear institutional systems
.
 Advantage of Distance Learning
•Distance education does not require commuting.
•You can complete most of the classes at your convenience.
•Live anywhere, study from anywhere while pursuing the education of your choice.
•Self-paced learning.
•Accessibility.
•Convenience and flexibility.
•Interaction.
• Individualized Instruction.
• Vast Resource Readily Available.
•Potential...
.
Cont…
 Interaction and Technology in Distance
Learning

“Interaction in a traditional classroom is much different than the

interaction that occurs in distance education. Distance education
programs mix instructional technologies with strategies to help
the learners interact with the instructional content”
 Types of Interaction
• Learner-Content
• Interaction with content takes place when the learner establishes new
knowledge by encountering new information & combining it with the
body of knowledge already retained by him or her.
• Learner-Instructor
• Interaction with instructors can help students clarify unclear points
and reinforce correct interpretation of course information.
 Cont…
• Learner-Learner
• Interaction with learner is intended to promote understanding of the
course content and stimulate critical learning.
• Learner-Technology
• Student’s experience with computers can affect their learning in
distance education as well as improve their computer skills.
 Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Interaction
• Distance education supports both synchronous and asynchronous
interaction.
• Computer-based instruction may be synchronous, as when computer
conferences are held at pre- established times via chat technologies, or
it maybe asynchronous as when learners retrieve instructional
materials via the internet and act on them at their convenience
 Cont…
• Print Technology
• The print materials were mailed to students and returned to the
teachers through the postal system.
• Computer Technology
• Primary computer technologies that is used for distance education
include e-mail, online collaborations, and Web-based education.
 Cont…
• Video Technology
• The ability to see and hear an instructor offers opportunities foe
behavior modeling, demonstrations, instruction of abstract concepts.
• Audio Technology
• Voice technologies offer cost-effective ways to enhance distance
learning courses