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Passage Planning: Dr. Arwa Hussein

This document provides guidance on key steps and considerations for passage planning as conducted by the Navigation Officer. It outlines 10 tasks involved in planning, including appraising information, plotting courses on charts, identifying dangers, and marking hazards. Guidance is given on marking charts clearly without overloading information, such as indicating courses, reporting points, and areas requiring special attention or precautions. The goal is to produce a thorough yet clear passage plan to guide safe navigation.

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Arwa Hussein
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272 views15 pages

Passage Planning: Dr. Arwa Hussein

This document provides guidance on key steps and considerations for passage planning as conducted by the Navigation Officer. It outlines 10 tasks involved in planning, including appraising information, plotting courses on charts, identifying dangers, and marking hazards. Guidance is given on marking charts clearly without overloading information, such as indicating courses, reporting points, and areas requiring special attention or precautions. The goal is to produce a thorough yet clear passage plan to guide safe navigation.

Uploaded by

Arwa Hussein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Passage Planning

Lecture 3

Dr. Arwa Hussein


While compiling the plan, the navigator must
follow these four basic steps:

1. Appraisal
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitoring. 
Step 4: Planning
When the appraisal step is complete, the Navigation
Officer begins the planning stage.

Information gathered during the appraisal stage is


transferred to the passage plan documents. In addition
to the navigational charts, the main documents used
are:
– Check-lists
– voyage plan sheet
– Reference sheets.
Task 7
lf the largest-scale charts for the voyage (or part of the voyage) are not
onboard, they must be requisitioned.

In addition to plotting courses on charts, the Navigation Officer must


consider every minor detail when completing the other tasks. For
example:
– Local and international regulations
– the Master's standing orders and instructions
– company requirements.

A navigator will rely on three basic data sources:


1. Sight and hearing
2. instruments
3. Navigational charts/plans
Task 8:
Identify predicted areas of danger and mark on charts

• While adding information to the chart, remember to


leave enough space to plot a fix

• Suggestion; to avoid information overload, write the


information away from the intended course line and
use arrows to indicate the relevant section of the
track
The Navigation Officer must:
• Maintain a consistent pattern for the work and across
the passage plan. Symbols, legends and abbreviations
must not be changed
– to avoid duplication and provide a point of reference,
list all symbols, legends or abbreviations on a separate
sheet

• Adopt an advance-warning system on charts and in


passage plan sheets.
– on the current chart, mark: Next Chart No. ..
– indicate hazards (high traffic density, fishing grounds,
crossing traffic, shallow waters) well before they are
expected.
Plot courses on the largest scale charts. Keep clear of areas
of predicted danger and allow for the margin of safety
set by local or company regulations and the Master's
instructions.

When establishing margins of safely, the Navigation Officer


must consider contingencies for potential problems, for
example, an engine breakdown or a failure in the
steering gear.

For deep sea routes, the Navigator will select the departure
point and landfall position. Then, using appropriate
formulae or the routing functions of navigational aids
(GPS), calculate the courses and distances.
Task 9:
Lay-off the courses-clear of hazards and dangers.
• Courses are now transferred to the appropriate voyage
charts. First, they are laid on small scale charts and
then laid-off to the larger scale charts.

• Rhumb lines are plotted directly on to Mercator charts.


For Great Circle tracks, you can plot the course on a
gnomonic chart, with waypoints selected along the
route that divide the Great Circle into small sections.
– Positions of the waypoints on the gnomonic chart are
transferred to the appropriate Mercator charts
– positions of waypoints on a Great Circle track can be
calculated from Napier‘s Rules.
Task 10:
Mark all identified hazards and any additional information on the
chart avoiding information overload

This is a guideline for placing various marks on charts while


keeping It easy to read:
 
 Courses, always TRUE and in three-digit notation and
distance of each leg, DTG to destination, for example,
p/of boarding ground.

 Margins of safety as required by the Master or the


company
 
 Wheel-over points
 
• Reporting points. lf there are any stations to be
called, their lDs, VHF channel and the position at
which they are to be called from
 
 Pilot boarding/disembarkation position(s)
 
 Speed reduction points
 Position where notice should be given to the engine room
 
 Abort points / points of no return
 
 Indication on the course line where notices should be
given to additional watch keepers helmsmen and lookouts
 
 Sequence of charts for the passage
 
 Parallel index lines along with Pl distances
 
 Set and rate of current height of tide, and the tidal window for
passing critical areas
 
 Areas of danger and no-go areas
 
• radar/visually conspicuous objects, for example. Peak of
mountain or lighthouses
 
• Next Chart with its number and an indication from which to
move onto the next chart
 
• Transit bearings, for quick check of compass error and
clearing bearings to clear a specific hazard, particularly when
making approaches in narrow channels
 
• Waypoint number on each waypoint. Refer it to the passage
plan sheet and the GPS and ECDIS
 
• Position on the chart where certain navigation aids should be
switched on, for example. the echo sounder
 
• Navigation warnings. preliminary and temporary chart
corrections from notices to mariners
 
• Specific meteorological information available, for example,
dust storms, restricted visibility. sea, swell and wind
conditions
•  Radio frequencies channels, station identifiers and message
types
 
• Areas where specific marine environmental protection
considerations apply

• Note the chart datum reference. lf any chart is based on a


different datum, highlight this to warn the OOW
 
• Minimum under-keel clearance required, particularly in
shallow water Areas
 
• References to contingency plans to maintain the safety of life,
environment, vessel and the cargo.
 
When an approved ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display Information
System) is used for passage planning, routes and hazards can
be marked on the display for the purpose of planning. But
where a ship has an unapproved ECDIS, it should not be used
for planning purposes.
• End of Lecture 3

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