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Practical 4 - Topic 3 Part 2

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9 views19 pages

Practical 4 - Topic 3 Part 2

Uploaded by

WONG
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICAL 4

MEASURE OF DISPERSION

• A measure of dispersion is a statistic that tells you how dispersed, or spread


out, data values are.
• Dispersion is the extent to which values in a distribution differ from the
average of the distribution. It gives us an idea about the extent to which
individual items vary from one another and from the central value.
EXERCISE 1

Given the data of athlete's heights in Exercise 1 Sheet.


1. Find mean, mode and median.
2. Find the minimum, maximum, Q1, Q2, and Q3.
3. Find the percentiles as stated in the sheet.
4. Find range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation.
VARIANCE
• Variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean.  It measures how far
each number in the set is from the mean and from every other number in the set.
• To calculate the variance of a sample, use VAR.S function.

=VAR.S (number1, [number2], ...)

In this case, the numbers are the


heights of the athletes.
STANDARD DEVIATION

The Standard Deviation measures of how spread-out numbers are. It is defined


to be the positive square root of the variance.

=STDEV.S (number1, [number2], ...)


PERCENTILE

• The Excel PERCENTILE.EXC function calculates the "kth percentile" for a set of
data where k is 0 to 1. 
• A percentile is a value below which a given percentage of values in a data set fall. 

=PERCENTILE.EXC (array, k)
• array - Data values.
• k - A value between 0 and 1 that represents the k:th percentile.
PERCENTILE
To calculate the 10th percentile, which
means the 10% percent of values are
less than or equal to the calculated
result, the k value will be 0.1
EXERCISE 2

The Excel sheet shows the scores of students from Class A and Class B.
1. Describe the performance of the students from Class A and Class B by
using mean and standard deviation.
2. Find the 10th, 50th and 80th percentile for both classes.
CORRELATION
• Correlation means the change in one variable results in the change in another variable.
• In our example, we are going to visualize the relationship between the advertising
budget for a certain month (independent variable) and the number of items sold
(dependent variable)
• Correlation coefficient (a value between -1 and +1) is used to tell how strongly two
variables are related to each other.
• A correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation. As variable X
increases, variable Y increases. As variable X decreases, variable Y decreases.
• A correlation coefficient of -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation. As variable X
increases, variable Z decreases. As variable X decreases, variable Z increases.
EXERCISE 3

1. Find the correlation coefficient between the advertising budget and the
item sold.
2. Use the Scatter Plot diagram to illustrate the relationship.
CORRELATION
The CORREL function returns the Pearson correlation coefficient for two sets of
values.

=CORREL(array1, array2)
• Array1 is the first range of values.
• Array2 is the second range of values.
CORRELATION
• The coefficient shows a positive correlation, where the advertising budget
increase, the item sold increase.
SCATTER PLOT

• A scatter plot is a two-dimensional chart that shows the relationship between


two variables.
• Typically, the independent variable is on the x-axis, and the dependent
variable on the y-axis. The chart displays values at the intersection of an x
and y axis, combined into single data points.
• It is to show how strong the relationship between the two variables is. The
tighter the data points fall along a straight line, the higher the correlation.
SCATTER PLOT
• Highlight the values including the header
SCATTER PLOT
• At the Insert tab, Select the first Scatter
SCATTER PLOT
• Add Axis Title and change the horizontal and vertical axis title
SCATTER PLOT
• Check the Trendline. The line shows a positive slope. It shows a strong positive
correlation between the amount of budget used for advertising with the item sold.
SCATTER PLOT
• To display the equation, click on More Option and check Display Equation on
chart.
EXERCISE 4

1. Discuss the correlation between the temperature and the heater sold by
using correlation coefficient and scatter plot.

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