MODULE 3 (B) : Domestic Wiring

MODULE 3(b)
DOMESTIC WIRING
Prepared by
Department of ECE
BrCE
1
Generation,transmission and
distributions of electrical energy
Transmission and distribution of
Electricity
3
small
Distribution of Power
High Voltage and low voltage distribution system

Consumer 1 and 2: 230V two wire
Consumer 3 : 230/400V three wire
Bulk Supply Consumer
Consumer 4 : 230/400V four wire
1 2 3 4
Delta/Star
transformer
Line 1(A)
Line 2(B)
Three phase, high
voltage distribution Line 3(C)
Neutral
Three phase four wire distribution low
Three Phase voltage 230/400V
Star System 5
Fundamental concept of electrical energy
1. In industries : Heating, welding,
electroplating,etc….
2. Domestic : Light, fan, heater, washing

machine,etc…
3. Commercial : Cinema, Lift, water pump,

lighting, adverting display,
etc….
CABLES
INRODUCTION TO CABLES
The cable or wire used in internal wiring is covered

with insulation. The conductor is covered with insulation
so that it may prevent leakage of current from the
conductor and thus minimize the risk of fire and shock.
According to type of insulation the cables are of the

following types
•Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR) Cables
• Lead Sheathed Cables
•Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Insulated Cables
•Flexible Cords
1.Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR) Cables
2. Lead Sheathed Cables
 The ordinary wires can be used only at dry places but for
damp places these wires are covered with continuous lead
sheaths.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Insulated Cables
4. Flexible Cords
 These wires consists of number of strands instead of a

single conductor. (Strand is a very thin conductor).
Wiring system
1.Tree System.
2. Looping System.
Factors Affecting choice of wiring
 Safety
 Duration
 Appearance
 Accessibility
 Maintenance
 Cost
Types of Wiring
1.Cleat Wiring
2.Wooden Casing Capping wiring
3.CTS Wiring / TRS Wiring / Batten Wiring
4.Conduit Wiring
5.Metal Sheathed Wiring/ Lead Sheathed

Wiring
1.CLEAT WIRING
 The types of wiring to be adopted is dependent on various
factors, vise, durability, safety, appearance, cost, consumer’s
budget etc. C
 Cleat wiring using plastic or rubber insulated conductors are
permitted only for installation of a purely temporary nature
such as wedding pandals, public fare .etc
2. WOODEN CASING CAPPING WIRING
• This system of wiring is suitable for low voltage installation,
in this wiring, cables like vulcanized rubber, insulated cables
or plastic insulated cables are use and carried within the wood
casing enclosures.
• The wood casing wiring system shall not be use in damp
places and in ill-ventilated places, unless suitable precautions
are taken.
Straight joint.
Tee joint.
Cross- Joint
3. CTS Wiring / TRS Wiring / Batten Wiring
4. CONDUIT WIRING
• Metallic tubes called as conduits are used to run the wires.
• They are made up of mild steel which is annealed & supplied
with black enamel coating.
• It gives full mechanical protection to the wires.
• Standard size – diameter : 12mm-63mm & length -4m.
5. Metal Sheathed Wiring/ Lead Sheathed Wiring
TYPES OF CONDUIT WIRING
(a) Surface conduit wiring (b) Concealed conduit wiring
SWITCHES
A switch is a device for making and breaking a

connection in an electrical circuit
1.Single pole single throw[One-way] Switch

•Push-button Switches
•Table Lamp Switch
•Bed Switches
•Tumbler or Surface Switches
•Flush Switches
•Toggling switches
Single pole single throw[One-way] Switch
2.Single pole double throw Switch
3. Double pole single throw Switch
4.Double pole doble throw Switch
CONTROLLING OF LAMP CIRCUIT
1.Two way controlling of lamp
2.Three way controlling of lamp
Ooooops……. shock
Electric shock effect chart
• About 2.5mA • Mild shock
About 25mA Strong painful shock
 More than 25mA  May cause death

What are the safety priorities?
Electrical hazards exist in almost every workplace.

Common causes of electrocution are:
•making contact with overhead wires
•undertaking maintenance on live equipment
•working with damaged electrical equipment, such
as extension leads, plugs and sockets
•using equipment affected by rain or water ingress
How do you respond to electrical incidents?
If you come across a person receiving an electric shock:
• If possible, disconnect the electrical supply (switch?)
• Assess the situation – never put yourself at risk
• Take precautions to protect yourself and anyone else in the vicinity
• Apply the first aid principles
• Assess the injuries and move the casualty to a safe area if required
• Administer first aid if trained
• Seek urgent medical attention
Can you protect yourself from electricity?
• Don’t wear metal objects

• Turn power off
• Wear appropriate clothing
• Don’t touch live parts
• Don’t install or repair electrical equipment
• Use qualified personnel
• Clean and dry leads and plugs before use
What are other safety measures?
• Read warning signs
• Use the right equipment
• Study the operation manual
• Take care of extension leads
• Use only approved extension lamps
• Don’t pull on leads
• Use the proper fuses and circuit breakers
Regular safety inspections
are a part of YOUR job...

• Electrical equipment should be checked
each time before use for defects
• If not tagged or the tag is out of date then
report it and place it out of service
• Proper earthing
Types of safety devices
• Fuse
Fuse is a wire of short length having low melting
point which gives protection against excessive current.
• Circuit breakers( MCB, MCCB,ELCB,RCCB)
MCB is miniature circuit breaker. It is automatic in
action. When excessive current passes through the
circuit, handle of MCB will moves down and thus trips
the circuit.
• Earthing.
 Fuse
(a) Rated Carrying Current :-
It is the maximum current which a fuse can carry without any
undue heating and melting.
(a) Fusing current :-

This is the minimum current at which a fuse element shall
melt. Fusing current depends on
(i) material of the fuse element
(ii) Its length
(iii) Its diameter
(iv) The cross-section of the fusing element
(c) Fusing factor:-
It is define as the ratio b/w the minimum fusing current and
the rated carrying current. Its value is always more than unity.
EARTHING
Earthing is the process of creating an

alternative path for the flow of fault/excessive currents
safely into the ground in the presence of minimal
resistance or impedance.
The earthing of metal parts is achieved by

connecting them to an earth conductor which shall be
connected by means of an earthing lead to the earth
electrode.

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MODULE 3(b)

High Voltage and low voltage distribution system

2. Domestic : Light, fan, heater, washing

3. Commercial : Cinema, Lift, water pump,

The cable or wire used in internal wiring is covered

According to type of insulation the cables are of the

 These wires consists of number of strands instead of a

2.Wooden Casing Capping wiring

3.CTS Wiring / TRS Wiring / Batten Wiring

5.Metal Sheathed Wiring/ Lead Sheathed

A switch is a device for making and breaking a

1.Single pole single throw[One-way] Switch

• About 2.5mA • Mild shock

About 25mA Strong painful shock

 More than 25mA  May cause death

Electrical hazards exist in almost every workplace.

• Don’t wear metal objects

are a part of YOUR job...

(a) Fusing current :-

Earthing is the process of creating an

The earthing of metal parts is achieved by

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