Grading System Examination - 40% Quizzes and Assignment - 30% Output and Project - 30% Total - 100%

GRADING SYSTEM
Examination ---------------40%
Quizzes and Assignment--30%
Output and Project--------30%
Total-------------------------100%
Introduction
Pursuant to Republic Act 4136 AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO

LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE A LAND
TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Through this
module, anybody wishing to drive or operate a motor vehicle will be able to learn and
equip himself with knowledge about the Philippine Land Transportation Laws, Rules and
Regulations, the duties and responsibilities of a driver and as a responsible road user.
The purpose of this module is to educate criminology students on the laws

implemented by the traffic enforcers. And also for all the drivers who are
applying for license and understand the process of availing a driver's
license as well as the importance and the responsibility that goes with
possessing one.
It consists of several topics wherein the lessons covers traffic management,
3E’s of traffic, agencies involve in implementing traffic laws and
regulation, Road Safety, steps on how to apply drivers license and also
include violations commonly violated by drivers.
This module will help educate the future criminologist/enforcers on

the basic laws governing in the implementations of traffic laws and
regulation. And for them to be aware on the new laws implemented
by the government.
Ronel Badua Rufino

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
1. Define the different history of transportation.

2. To identify the Legal Basis in the Traffic Management Process
3. Determine the major causes of traffic jams
4. To recognize the different agencies in educating pedestrians.
5. To discuss the basic qualification in acquiring drivers license.
LESSON 1
TRANSPORTATION
- is an act or process of conveying from one place to another
- from the Latin word “Terans” meaning across or and move and
“Portare” means to carry.
VARIOUS ANCIENT
MODES OF
TRANSPORTATION
- MANPOWER -ANIMAL POWER
• WIND
POWER
VEHICLES
• BICYCLE
ROADS AND VEHICLES HISTORY
WHEEL
- was invented probably in Western Asia

- one of man’s great inventions
THE ROMANS
- were the major road builders in the ancient
world
- Roman road networks reached a total of
about 50,000 miles (80, 000 km)
CANALS
a body of water used to be channel of sea
transportation
the first canal was constructed by Engr.
James Brindley
RAILWAYS
- channel of transportation wherein a
parallel line of irons was used as roads
- the first railroad is the Stockton and
Darlington line (1925)
Classification of Road
1.National Road
2. Provincial Road
3. City Road
4. Municipal Road
5. Barangay Road
6. Private Road
The Word Traffic
The word traffic originates from Greco-Roman
word “TRAFICO” with reference to the
movement of people that dates back from the
dawns of history: from the domesticated horse-
drawn wheels to horseless carriage.
The Greek originally called the system
“TRAFRIGA” after the early horse-drawn
chariots with spoked wheels. If savants of Rome
are to believe, there is no dispute that the word
“TRAFICO” is a Greco-Roman word, but the
word traffic was created from the famous
“Trafalgar Square,” the hub-center of commerce
and culture in the heart of London.
But in Latin, the word traffic is denominated as
“Commercium” with reference to the movement and
control of goods in transit from un-wheeled axle to
horseless carriage. This intellectual discourse of
discoveries only reinforced the universal dictum that
traffic refers to the movement of people and goods and
not vehicle. Perhaps this is the missing jewels in the
systematic strategies of traffic management.
Traffic Management
-presupposes an understanding of the motivation behind
the behavior of motorist, commuters, and pedestrians.
Any attempt to redirect their behavior without
understanding will not be able to effectively solve the
traffic problems.
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
a. All public surface, facilities for traversing and parking of all types of conveyance
for the movement of persons and things.
b. All agencies having responsibilities for ascertaining traffic flow requirements,

planning, approving funding construction and or maintaining, public facilities for
such movements
c. All agencies responsible for licensing, approving, restricting, stopping

prohibiting, or controlling the use of these facilities.
MAJOR CAUSES OF CONGESTION
1. Physical inadequacy
2. Human errors
Types of traffic control devices and aids
1. Traffic Signs
2. Pavement Markings and Markers
3. Traffic Light and Signals
4. Traffic Islands
Traffic Safety Education
3 principle that has been emphasized as effective in the
prevention of traffic accidents are known as the three E’s:
-education (in traffic safety)
-enforcement (of traffic rules)
-engineering (traffic engineering)

 TRAFFIC EDUCATION
- the process of giving training and practice in the actual

application of traffic safety knowledge
a. Imparting knowledge concerning traffic safety

b. Training ang practice in the actual application of traffic
c. Developing traffic safety and morality
Agencies Involved in Traffic Education
1. Schools (Public and Privates)
Elementary
- tasked to educate children to obey traffic rules
through their programmed curricula
2. Secondary Education
Secondary
- tasked to educate students in obeying the traffic

rules by imposing school policies intended for the
welfare of the students
3.Formal and Non- formal Training
Higher Education
- they offer subjects on driving and traffic

safety course or any allied subjects
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
- the action taken by the police, such as arresting,
issuing traffic citation ticket and providing warning
to the erring driver for the purpose of deterring and
discouraging and or preventing such violation.
-As it applies to statutes ordinances and legally

authorized regulation relating to use of streets and
highways and ownership and operating motors and
vehicles.
Traffic Enforcement Agencies involved
Land
Transportation
Office
1. Land
Transportation
Franchising and
Regulatory Board
Goals of enforcement
• To increase safety level
• To increase efficiency
• To insure harmonious and
comfortable environment.
2 KINDS OF
ENFORCEMENT
ACTION
 Traffic arrest- is an enforcement action which consists of
taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or
detaining him to answer a charge of laws violation before a
court.
 Traffic citation- is a means of having violators appearing

in a court without physical arrest.
TRAFFIC LAW
ENFORCEMENT
- the action taken by the police to compel
obedience to traffic laws and ordinance
regulating the use and movement of motor
vehicle for the purpose of creating a deterrent to
unlawful behavior by all potential violators
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCER
- a person duly deputized by an agency of
government authorized by law to enforce traffic
laws, rules and regulations
POLICE TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
- the part performed by the police and other

agencies with police power including warning
to law violations created by the presence of
uniformed police officer and their special
equipment, special assistance to court and
prosecutor and incidental service to highway
users
COURT TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
- performed by the court

through adjudication and
penalization
5 Major phases of enforcement process
1. detection- the wholly police
responsibility which requires adequate
training and experience on the part of
the police to make them more effective
in their enforcement efforts while
assigned.
2. Apprehension- requires the application of the various

traffic law enforcement and designed
• To prevent such violation from endangering persons.
• To prevent violation
3. Prosecution- while this is court function, the police
also provide corresponding influence throughout
preparation and introduction of evidence and close
liaisoning with prosecution officers.
4. Adjudication- while this is obviously a court function,

the police providing influence on this step by acting as
witness to the prosecution or supplying additional
evidence.
Penalization-
-the court imposes the penalty

upon the respondent by the
weight of penalty would again
be greatly influenced
GOALS OF ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
-Increase safety level
-Increase traffic efficiency
-Ensure harmony and comfortable environment
-Maximize safety
ACTIVITIES OF TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
-Preventive (Protective) activities

-Persuasive(influential) activities
TRAFFIC LAWS AND THE ROLE OF ENFORCEMENT
CHARACTERISTIC OF TRAFFIC LAWS

-Laws are developed from experiences of the public over the years.
-Laws reflect beliefs, behavior and standards agreed upon by society.
VIOLATIONS
- those act and omissions against traffic laws
CLASSIFICATION OF VIOLATION
-Hazardous traffic violations that cause danger to road users. Unsafe behavior and
unsafe conditions are the causes of these violations.
-Non-hazardous violations that do not affect safety of the public but affect the use
of roads.

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GRADING SYSTEM

Pursuant to Republic Act 4136 AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO

The purpose of this module is to educate criminology students on the laws

This module will help educate the future criminologist/enforcers on

Ronel Badua Rufino

1. Define the different history of transportation.

- was invented probably in Western Asia

b. All agencies having responsibilities for ascertaining traffic flow requirements,

c. All agencies responsible for licensing, approving, restricting, stopping

-enforcement (of traffic rules)

-engineering (traffic engineering)

- the process of giving training and practice in the actual

a. Imparting knowledge concerning traffic safety

- tasked to educate students in obeying the traffic

- they offer subjects on driving and traffic

-As it applies to statutes ordinances and legally

 Traffic citation- is a means of having violators appearing

- the part performed by the police and other

- performed by the court

2. Apprehension- requires the application of the various

4. Adjudication- while this is obviously a court function,

-the court imposes the penalty

ACTIVITIES OF TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

-Preventive (Protective) activities

CHARACTERISTIC OF TRAFFIC LAWS

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