Presented BY:-

JITENDRA KUMAR
4JN07EC018
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Bluetooth
 Smart sensor network
 Research issues
 Sensor network imlementation
 Communication with smart sensor nodes
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION

Bluetooth is wireless high speed data transfer technology over

a short range (10 - 100 meters).

Bluetooth Wireless Technology (BWT) was developed in

1994 at Ericsson in Sweden.

Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for

cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs.
Later the goals were to enable different devices through a
commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity.
INTRODUCTION (contd.)
• Group called Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was
formed in 1998 to develop the standard of IEEE 802.15

• This specification standardized the Bluetooth technology

worldwide.
 BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth Specifications are:
 Developed by: Jaap Haarsten and Sven Mattisson in Sweden
 Standard: IEEE 802.15
 ISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHz
 Range: 10 – 100 meters
 Channel Bandwidth: 1 Mbps
 Maximum Asymmetric Data Transfer Rate: 721 Kbps
BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGY
Depending on the type of connections established between
various Bluetooth devices, 2 main topologies are as:
1. PICONET TOPOLOGY, and
2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY

 To any topology, there are 2 prime components:

1. MASTER device
2. SLAVE device
1. PICONET TOPOLOGY
A piconet consists of upto 8 BWT-enabled devices.
When piconet is established, one device sets up frequency-
hopping pattern and other devices synchronize their signals to
the same pattern.
Primary Devices: Those devices which sets the frequency-
hopping pattern.
Secondary Devices: Those devices which get synchronized.
Each piconet has a different frequency-hopping pattern.
PICONET TOPOLOGY (contd.)
PICONET TOPOLOGY (contd.)
In Bluetooth, each piconet has 1 Master for establishment of
piconet, and upto 7 Slave devices.
Master’s Bluetooth address is used for defining frequency-
hopping sequence.
Slave devices use master clock to synchronize their clocks so
as to hop simultaneously.
For establishing piconet, other bluetooth devices in range are
discovered by an inquiry procedure.
2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY
Scatternet consists of several piconets connected by devices
participating in multiple piconet.

Here, devices can be slaves in all piconets or master in one

piconet and slave in other piconets.

There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconets which is also a

slave in individual piconets.
SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY (contd.)

Advantages of Scatternet:
Higher throughput
Multi-hop connections between devices in different
piconets.
 SMART SENSOR NETWORKS
Challenge: It is to ensure interoperability among various
Bluetooth manufactures’ devices and to provide numerous
applications.

One such application is : WIRELESS SENSOR

NETWORKS (WSN)

Important features of WSN: Collaboration of network

nodes during execution and Data Centric nature.

Many smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data

and send it to users via ‘gateway’ using multi-hop routes.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)
WSN consists of number of small devices equipped with a
sensing unit, microprocessors, wireless communication
interface and power source.

Two main operations performed by WSN are:

1. QUERING – Queries are used when user requires only the
current value of the observation.
2. TASKING – More Complex operation
Used when a phenomenon has to be observed
over a large period of time.
WSN (contd.)
Functions of gateway:-
 Communication with sensor
networks: Shortage Wireless
Communication ; Discovery
of smart sensor nodes

 Gateway Logic: Controlling

Gateway interface and data
flow ; Providing uniform
access to sensors

 Communication with users:

Communication over
Internet, WAN, Satellite, etc.
Applications of Sensor networks
Military applications
Monitoring friendly forces, equipment and
ammunition
Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
Battlefield surveillance
Battle damage assessment
Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection
Application contd…
Environmental applications
Forest fire detection
Biocomplexity mapping of the
environment
Flood detection and Precision agriculture
Application contd…
Health applications
Tele-monitoring of human physiological data
Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors
inside a hospital
Drug administration in hospitals
Application contd…
Indutrial safety
Monitoring building and vehicle
Managing inventory control
Monitoring the status of different machines in
factories,along with the air pllution or fire
monitoring.
 RESEARCH ISSUES
 There are mainly two
research issues for
bluetooth based smart
sensor network:-
1. Hardware development
issues,
2. Software development
issues.
 SENSOR NETWORK
IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTIVE: To build a Hardware platform and generic
Software Solutions to serve for research in WSN protocols.

Components of Sensor Network: Smart Sensor Nodes and

Gateway

Gateway and Smart nodes are members of piconets and so,

not more than 7 nodes can exist in the network.
Smart sensor node implementation
For implementation of Sensor as Bluetooth Node,
following components are important:
Bluetooth Device
Sensors
Microcontroller

Figure: SMART SENSOR NODE IMPLEMENTATION

Sensor network gateway implementation
Complete software functionality is developed in java
It can be implemented by the use of either bluetooth PCMCIA
CARD or using infrared connection
Java community undertook the first effort towards bluetooth
stack API application
Ex-JSR-82 JABWT
 Software architecture of the gateway
BLUETOOTH HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
Bluetooth Hardware consists of 3 main functional modules:
2.4 GHz Bluetooth RF Transceiver Unit
Link Management Unit
Host Controller Interface

HOST CONTROLLER– Consists of a Digital Signal

Processing part,having Link Controller(LC) & CPU Core.It
interfaces to the Host environment.
LINK CONTROLLER - Consists of Hardware & Software
parts to perform Base-Band Processing, and Physical
Layer Protocols.Also performs low-level digital signal
processing to form connections.
BLUETOOTH HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE (contd.)
CPU CORE – Helps Bluetooth Module to handle Inquires
and filter page request (not involving host device).

LINK MANAGER - LM software runs on CPU core. LM

discovers other remote LMs and communicates to the via
LMP (link manager protocols).
Bluetooth Module also incorporates Higher-Level
Software Protocols, governing the functionality and
interoperability with other modules.
Bluetooth hardbluetooth hardware architecture (contd.)
DISCOVERY OF SMART SENSOR NODES
After installation, the primary step during execution is to
discover the smart sensor nodes in the area.

The is to prepare a list of sensor’s characteristics and network

topology.

Next in execution process, provision is to have addition of new

or removal of existing sensors.
 COMMUNICATION WITH SMART
SENSOR NODES
Initialization of gateway and Bluetooth Inquiry Procedure.
Discovery of Bluetooth device and Checking of major and minor
devices.
Setting of parameters and assigning type of devices and sensors.
Description by Service-Class Field.
Discarding of non-smart nodes.
Else, service database of the discovered smart node is searched for
sensor services.
If no current sensor profile, then database is searched for serial port
connection parameters.
Lastly, Bluetooth link is established and data exchange with smart
node starts.
Abstraction layers
Gateway’s abstraction layer uses sensor profiles to
create list of objects that represent each sensor in the
network.
Each object provides methods that enable sending
and receiving data to and from sensor. Specifics of
actual data transmission are hidden from users.
 CONCLUSION
Applications of sensor networks
Factors influencing sensor network design
− Fault tolerence
− Scalability
− Data processing
− Production cost
− Transmission medium
Communication architecture of sensor networks
REFERENCES