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Lecture 9-Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) warns pilots if their aircraft is in danger of crashing into the ground or other obstacles. It uses radar altimeters to measure the distance between the aircraft and ground, and issues audio and visual warnings if hazardous conditions are detected, such as rapid descent, closure with terrain, or loss of altitude. GPWS has significantly reduced controlled flight into terrain accidents since its widespread adoption in the 1970s. Modern systems provide additional warnings related to terrain, glide slope, landing configuration, and wind shear.

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704 views15 pages

Lecture 9-Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) warns pilots if their aircraft is in danger of crashing into the ground or other obstacles. It uses radar altimeters to measure the distance between the aircraft and ground, and issues audio and visual warnings if hazardous conditions are detected, such as rapid descent, closure with terrain, or loss of altitude. GPWS has significantly reduced controlled flight into terrain accidents since its widespread adoption in the 1970s. Modern systems provide additional warnings related to terrain, glide slope, landing configuration, and wind shear.

Uploaded by

zuliana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ͻ A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is
  a type of equipment carried by aircraft ? 
 ? 
they are at a dangerously low altitude


and in danger of crashing.
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m 
ͻ The main purpose of these systems is to
  prevent what is called a xontrolled light nto
errain (CFIT)


ͻ CFIT is an accident in which an aircraft crashes


m
into the ground, the water, or an obstacle such
as a mountain or building .
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ͻ CFIT can be the result of factors such as navigation
  errors, pilot fatigue, or reduced visibility owing to
weather conditions.


ͻ CFIT incidents have been reduced since GPWS entered
m widespread use in the 1970s.
ͻ The use of a GPWS in large aircraft is required by law in
many countries.
ͻ In the late 1990s improvements were made and the
system was renamed "Enhanced Ground Proximity
Warning System͞ (EGPWS)
-
 # m   
ͻ RA measures how far
m 
aircraft from the ground.
  ͻ GPWS computer
analyzed the information


from radar.
m ͻ Computer can identify

 hazardous situations
(very close to
ground/terrain, rapid
ROD & loss of altitude)
ͻ GPWS display gives
$
%&
 %  ' visual and audio warning
signals to the pilot.
m   

m  ͻ A ÷ monitors the aircraft's altitude with a   ??


which transmits radio waves downward from the plane to
  determine how far away the ground is.
ͻ Most radar altimeters carried by commercial aircraft are short-


range devices with ranges of less than a mile (about 1.6 km).
m ͻ The information from the radar is monitored and analyzed by a
computer that can identify hazardous situations and trends in the
data, such as
ʹ a dangerously rapid rate of descent,
ʹ dangerously close ground during, or
ʹ unexpected loss of altitude.
ͻ If hazardous conditions are detected, the GPWS gives visual and
audio warning signals to the pilot.
u    
!    
m 
What is the different between radar altimeter and
  barometric altimeter?


ͻ A Radar Altimeter (RA) measures the distance
between the plane and the ground directly
m
below it.
ͻ Barometric altimeter provides the distance
above sea level.
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m 
ͻ Audio & Visual Warnings are provided
under any of the following conditions:
 

ʹ Excessive rate of descend (͞sink




rate͟)
m ʹ when closure rate with terrain is too
high (͞terrain-terrain͟)
ʹ loss of altitude after take-off (don͛t
sink)
ʹ if the aircraft is too low and slow,
with landing gear retracted (͞too
low, gear͟)
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m 
ͻ Warns of   ?
 ? 
 
ͻ A GPWS warning light will illuminate and  


? ? will be heard.
m
ͻ If the situation is not corrected  
  will be heard.
#$%&*&  (  
x  u 

m 
ͻ Warns crew  ??? 
 
? 
ͻ Designed to warn crew when rising terrain is a


threat.
m
ͻ ͞terrain, terrain͟
ͻ ͞whoop, whoop, pull up, pull up͟
ͻ There may be no change in barometric altitude
but the radar altitude is decreasing.
ͻ Recovery: Continue climb until clear of terrain.
#$%&+ |   , 

m 
ͻ Warns of  
?? 
??


 
ͻ If the aircraft sinks 10 percent of its radar


altitude ͞don͛t sink͟ will be heard.
m
#$%&-.
  
x 


m 
ͻ Terrain clearance while aircraft take-off, climb, cruise,
and descent.
 

ʹ If the airspeed is higher the warning will be ͞too low, terrain͟




ͻ Alert the configuration of landing gear during approach.
m ʹ if ?
? ?     ? ?? 
 ? 
ʹ ͞too low, gear͟
ͻ Alert the configuration of flaps during landing
ʹ When the gear is selected down, but the flaps are still
retracted (not open)
ʹ ͞too low, flaps͟
# /0102

m 
ͻ Mode 5: Descent below Glide Slope
 
ͻ Mode 6: Situation Awareness (Bank Angle,

Altitude)
m
ͻ Mode 7: Wind shear Information

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