Annotated: Questions and

Tasks for ENERGY

PROFILES
Exo or endo?Why?
Exothermic reaction because products have less energy than reactants.
The difference in energy between reactants and products is released to
the surrounding.
Exo or endo? Why?
Endothermic reaction because products have more energy than
reactants. The difference in energy between reactants and products is
taken in from the surrounding.
Explain the diagram above
The 2253kJ of energy is absorbed to break the bonds in the reactants: 1
molecule of nitrogen and 3 molecules of hydrogen to form their atoms and
overcome the activation energy. The atoms combine to form 2 molecules of
ammonia releasing a total of 2346kJ of energy. The overall energy of
reaction is exothermic, releasing 93kJ of energy.
Copy and complete…

In exothermic reactions the energy released

from forming new bonds is GREATER
THAN/LESS THAN the energy needed to
break existing bonds.

In endothermic reactions the energy released

from forming new bonds is GREATER
THAN/LESS THAN the energy needed to
break existing bonds.
  Explain the energy profile diagram below.

The red line indicates the profile of an exothermic reaction. The products
have less energy than the reactants. There is a large activation energy. The blue
dashed line indicates the use of a catalyst which has reduced the activation
energy for this reaction.
 What do these diagrams
mean to you? explain

D
What do catalysts do…
They provide a different pathway with a lower
activation energy.

Now draw a second, dotted line, to show the

energy level diagram with a catalyst.
Consequences of burning
fuels (what harm is
caused?)

Fossil fuels

Non-renewable fuels

Effects of Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen as a fuel

Hydrogen + oxygen  water!!!!

Can be used in combustion engines OR fuel cells

(produce electricity to power vehicles)
 Burn some fuels!
Which has the most energy per gram?
Fuel Mass of fuel Mass of Mass of Temperature Mass of
at start (g) fuel at end fuel burnt change of water used
(g) (g) water (oC) (g)
Ethanol 30g 25g 5g 70 100g

Energy = mass of water x shc (4.2) x temp change

=100 x 4.2 x 70 = 29400 Joules

Mr of Ethanol= 46
Energy/mol =Energy/mole of fuel= 29400/ 5/46= 270.5kJmol-1 of ethanol

Ext: Sketch an energy level diagram for the combustion of fuels

Was the reaction exothermic? Explain using your energy level diagram
 What is happening here?
Starter – DO IT NOW!
Which gas is burning?

What is this gas reacting with?

Can you write a word equation for this

reaction?

Can you write a balanced symbol equation for

this reaction?
Title: Bond Energy
calculations
Lesson Objective: To determine is a chemical reaction
is exothermic or endothermic using Bond Energies

{
Identify the
energy transfer
in Bond
breaking and
Calculate bond
energies for
reactants and
Calculate the
energy change in
a chemical
products in a reaction.
Bond making in
chemical
chemical
reaction.
reactions.
Grade 6 Grade 8
Grade 4
 Now take a molymod kit and build:

One molecule of methane (CH4) – you’ll need

one black atom, 4 white atoms, and 4 grey
bonds

Two molecules of Oxygen (O2) – you’ll need

two red atoms and 4 grey bendy bonds.

Put the rest of the kit to one side – you will

now just be working with the molecules you
made.
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies

Identify
The Bunsen Burner: the energy
transfer in
Bond
Methane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water breaking
and Bond
making in
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O chemical
What has to Before this can happen? Use reactions.
happen the molymod kits to build the
here…. methane molecule and two
oxygen molecules to Grade 4
help……..
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies

Identify
The Bunsen Burner: the energy
transfer in
Bond
Methane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water breaking
and Bond
making in
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
chemical
reactions.
What has to Before this
happen C H H H
can happen?
here…. H O O Grade 4
O O
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies

Identify
The Bunsen Burner: the energy
transfer in
Bond
Methane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water breaking
and Bond
making in
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
chemical
reactions.
Bond Bond making
breaking – C H H H – this releases
this requires H O O energy so is Grade 4
energy so is O O …….thermic
…….thermic
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies
Calculate
Methane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Waterbond energies
for reactants
and products
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2Oin a chemical
reaction.
2 O=O 2 Grade 6

Draw the structures, then write down each bond present eg

for methane, it would be four lots of C-H. This will show all
the bonds present.
Each bond has its own specific energy – the Bond Energy.
Bond energy is the amount of energy needed to break a
bond. The higher the bond energy, the stronger the bond is.
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies
Calculate
Reactants Products bond energies
Bond Numbe Energy per Bond Numbe Energy per for reactants
r bond(kj/mol r bond and products
present ) present (kj/mol) in a chemical
C– 4 413 C=O 2 745 reaction.
H
Grade 6
O= 2 495 O–H 4 464
Task:O
1. Calculate the energy required to break the
bonds in the reactants.

2. Calculate the energy given out by the making of

the bonds in the products.
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies Calculate the
Reactants Products energy change in
Bond Number Energy Bond Number Energy a chemical
present (kj/mol) present (kj/mol) reaction.
C–H 4 413 C=O 2 745
O=O 2 495 O–H 4 464
Grade 8
To calculate the overall energy change of the chemical reaction we
subtract the energy given out from making the products from the
energy required to break the reactants.
Overall energy of the reaction= Total Energy of products - Total
Energy of Reactants.
If the answer is - the reaction is exothermic
If the answer is + the reaction is endothermic.
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond
Energies

 Mini-plenary: Compare the following Carbon to

Carbon bonds. Which do you think would have
the highest bond energy?
 Lesson Objective: able to calculate using Bond Energies

Questions:
 Exit ticket
The following reaction is used to make Ammonia:
Nitrogen + Hydrogen  Ammonia
N2 + 3H2  2NH3
3 2

226 kj/mol 104 kj/mol N-H single bond = 93 kj/mol

1. Calculate the total bond energies in the reactants.
2. Find the total bond energies in the products.
3. Use the bond energies to calculate the energy change involved.
4. State whether this is an Exothermic or Endothermic reaction.
Exit ticket answers
Total energy in reactants = 226 + (3 x 104) = 538 kj/mol

Total energy in products = 6 x 93 = 558 kj/mol

Energy change = 20 kj/mol

So this is an exothermic reaction.

Objectives for next lesson

 To check understanding of bond energy

calculations

 To be able to draw energy level diagrams

 To understand activation energy and the effect

of a catalyst
Bond energy
H-H 436 Cl-Cl 346 H – Cl 432

O-O 498 H – O 464

Extension: