Gerunds Imperatives Infinitives: Prof. Alejandro Rozo Ballesteros

GERUNDS
IMPERATIVES
INFINITIVES
PROF. ALEJANDRO ROZO BALLESTEROS.
GERUNDS
GERUNDS
Gerunds are verbs formed with (ing) ending, which work as nouns.
GERUNDS USES
 At the beginning of an idea
 After some verbs.
 After prepositions
GERUNDS EXAMPLES
 At the beginning of an idea:
 Smoking is bad for our lungs.

 Reading is important for students.
 Eating pizza makes me happy.
 Running and jogging help you to be healthy
GERUNDS USES
After some verbs:
 Like: Ana likes playing saxophone

 Stop: Juan stops smoking at the park
 Keep: they kept studying for a long time
 Hate: Sophia hates eating vegetables
 Love: they love teaching languages
 Enjoy*: my siblings enjoy singing pop music.
GERUNDS USES
After prepositions:
 She is here for learning

 Albert thinks about going to Europe.
 They are afraid of losing the match.
I don't agree with hunting.
 German is Good at playing volleyball
GERUNDS USES
After preposition TO:

 Look forward to: desear con ganas: they look forward to being
married.
 Come to: tratarse de. He is always there when it comes to working.
 Be/getused to: acostumbrarse, Andy got used to walking in the

mornings.
INFINITIVES
Prof. Alejandro Rozo B.
INFINITIVES
 The infinitive of a verb is the basic form, for example 'do', 'be',

'take', and ' eat'. The infinitive is often used with 'to' in front of it.
THE TO-INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT
OF THE SENTENCE
 Thisis a formal usage and is far more common in written English than
spoken.
 Examples:
 To be or not to be, that is the question.

 To know her is to love her.
 To visit the Grand Canyon is my life dream.
 To understand statistics, that is our aim.
INFINITIVES AFTER VERBS + TO
Choose hope
remember intend
want learn
decide Mean
expect
forget Plan
prefer
INFINITIVES AFTER VERBS + TO
 They decided to start a business together.

 Remember to turn the lights off.
I plan to celebrate my birthday next month.
 She wanted to be a teacher.
 We prefer to stay at home during quarantine.
INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE
 We also use the to-infinitive to express purpose (to answer why?):
 Examples:
He locked the door to keep everyone out.

We started our journey early to avoid the traffic.
He bought flowers to celebrate his anniversary.
ADJECTIVES WITH TO-INFINITIVES
 Sometimes the to-infinitive gives a reason for the adjective:
 It was nice to meet us.

 Jhon was surprised to see you with her.
 We are sorry not to go to your party.
I am glad to be with you.
ADJECTIVES WITH TO-INFINITIVES
 We often use it + be followed by an adjective + infinitive,

to give opinions:
 It is easy to play the piano, but it´s difficult to play well.

 He spoke so quickly that it was impossible to
understand him.
IMPERATIVES
Prof. Alejandro Rozo B.
IMPERATIVES DEFINITION
 Something that demands attention or action; an

unavoidable obligation or requirement; necessity.
IMPERATIVES WAY OF USING
 Theform of the verb used for the imperative is the base

form of the main verb, which is used without a subject.
 The subject in most of the cases will be ´´YOU´´

IMPERATIVES EXAMPLES
 Open your mouth and say ‘Aaaah’.

 Close the door, please.
 Study for the next quiz.
 Give my money back.
 Come with me.
 Call me up.
IMPERATIVES NEGATIVES
EXAMPLES
 Don´t be afraid.
 Don´t get angry.
 Don´t stay out during quarantine.
 Don´t touch my cellphone.
 Don´t be ridiculous.
IMPERATIVES TO GIVE ORDERS
 Go away.
 Stop that.
 Keep quiet.
 Open the window
 Clean your bedroom up
IMPERATIVES TO GIVE
INSTRUCTIONS
 Don’t use this spray near a flame.
 Apply the glue and leave it for ten minutes.
 Turn off the router and turn it on after 10 seconds.

IMPERATIVES TO GIVE ADVICE OR
WARNINGS
 Don’t forget to take your passport with you.
 Be careful!
 Don’t go to that neigborhood.
 Watch movies in English.

IMPERATIVES LET´S = LET US
 Itincludes both the speaker and the hearer, so the subject

that is understood is represented by the plural we.
 Examples:
 Let´s go.
 Let´s buy some fruits.
 Let´s walk for a while.
IMPERATIVES NEGATIVE FORM LET
´S = LET US
 Itincludes both the speaker and the hearer, so the subject
that is understood is represented by the plural we.
 Examples:
 Let´s not go.
 Let´s not buy any fruits.
 Let´s not walk for a while.

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GERUNDS

 At the beginning of an idea

 After some verbs.

 At the beginning of an idea:

 Smoking is bad for our lungs.

 Like: Ana likes playing saxophone

 She is here for learning

After preposition TO:

 Come to: tratarse de. He is always there when it comes to working.

 Be/getused to: acostumbrarse, Andy got used to walking in the

 The infinitive of a verb is the basic form, for example 'do', 'be',

 To be or not to be, that is the question.

 They decided to start a business together.

 We also use the to-infinitive to express purpose (to answer why?):

He locked the door to keep everyone out.

 Sometimes the to-infinitive gives a reason for the adjective:

 It was nice to meet us.

 We often use it + be followed by an adjective + infinitive,

 It is easy to play the piano, but it´s difficult to play well.

 Something that demands attention or action; an

 Theform of the verb used for the imperative is the base

 The subject in most of the cases will be ´´YOU´´

 Open your mouth and say ‘Aaaah’.

 Don’t use this spray near a flame.

 Apply the glue and leave it for ten minutes.

 Turn off the router and turn it on after 10 seconds.

 Don’t go to that neigborhood.

 Watch movies in English.

 Itincludes both the speaker and the hearer, so the subject

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