06) GSM Radio Parameters
06) GSM Radio Parameters
06) GSM Radio Parameters
RAMETERS
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
C1 and C2
INTAVE, LIMITn
NETWORK IDENTIFICATION
PARAMETERS
so that it can correctly select the network the user (or telecom ope
rator) wants to access to in any conditions.
Enable the network to be real time informed of the correct geogr
LAI
3 Bits 3 Bits
NCC BCC
BSIC
A B C
D E F
ROLES OF BSIC
1. Inform the MS the TSC used by the common signaling chann
el of the cell.
2. As the BSIC takes part in the decoding process of the random
C1 = RXLEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
- Max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P ,0)
where:
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is the minimum received level the MS is
allowed to access the network
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH is the maximum power level of the con
trol channel (when MS sending on RACH);
RXLEV is average received level;
P is the maximum TX power of MS;
MAX ( X, Y )= X; if X Y.
MAX ( X, Y )= Y; if Y X.
C1 PATHLOSS CRITERION
vels of the BCCH TRX of its adjacent cells, record 6 adjacent cells
whose signal levels are the strongest and extract from them variou
s types of system messages and control messages of each adjace
nt cell.
When given conditions are met, the MS will move from the curre
nt cell into another one. This process is called cell selection.
CELL RESELECTION C2
When a MS reselects a cell, if the old cell and the target cell are i
n different locations, then the MS must initiate a location updating
process after cell reselection.
Due to the fading features of the radio channel, the C2 values of
two adjacent cells measured along their borders will fluctuate grea
tly.
MS will frequently conduct the cell reselection, which will not on
ly increase the network signaling flow and lead to low efficiency us
e of radio resources, but reduces the access success rate of the s
ystem, as the MS cannot respond to paging calls in the location up
dating process.
CELL SELECTION HYSTERESIS (2)
mal numerals, its unit is dB, its range is 0 ~ 14, its step l
ength is 2dB, and its default value is 4.
CELL RESELECTION PRINCIPLE
In the system message broadcasting in each cell, there is a bit informat
ion indicating whether to allow the MS to access to it, which is called cell
bar access (CBA). The parameter CBA is to indicate whether the cell bar a
ccess is set in a cell.
The parameter is represented in character string. Its value range is:
The CBA bit is a parameter for the network operator to set. Usually all t
he cells are allowed to be accessed by MS , so the bit is set NO. However,
in special cases, the telecom operator may want to assign a certain cells f
or handover service only, then the bit can be set YES.
CELL BAR ACCESS (CBA)
Area A
BTS B
BTS A
BTS C
CELL BAR QUALIFY (CBQ)
In areas where the cells overlay with each other and
differ in capacity, traffic and functions, the telecom ope
rator often hopes that the MS can have priority in select
ing some cells, that is, the setting of cell priority. This f
unction is set by way of the parameter "Cell Bar Qualif
y" (CBQ).
YES:
The cell has high priority
NO:The cell has low priority
CELL BAR QUALIFY (CBQ) 2
A B
For some reasons, the traffic of Cells A and B is apparently higher tha
n that of other adjacent cells. To balance the traffic in the whole area, you
can set the priority of Cells A and B as low, and set the priority of the rest
cells as normal so that the traffic in the shade area will be absorbed by adj
acent cells. It must be noted that the result of this setting is that the actual
coverage of Cell A and Cell B is narrowed. However, this is different from r
educing the transmitting power of Cell A and Cell B, the latter may cause
blind areas of the network coverage and the reduction of communication
quality.
RANDOM ACCESS
For areas (suburbs or rural areas) where the cell radius is more
than 3km and the traffic is smaller, the MAX RETRANS can be set 1
1 (i.e. the MAX RETRANS is 7).
For areas (not bustling city blocks) where the cell radius is less
than 3km and the traffic is moderate, the MAX RETRANS can be se
t 10 ( i.e. the MAX RETRANS is 4).
For micro-cellular, it’s recommend that the MAX RETRANS be s
et 01 ( i.e. the MAX RETRANS is 2).
For microcellular areas with very high traffic and cells with app
arent congestion, it’s recommend that the MAX RETRANS be set 0
0 ( i.e. the MAX RETRANS is 1).
ACCESS CONTROL AC
In some cells with very high traffic, the congestion will occur in
For the drop calls caused by the radio link fault, the MS can star
t the call reestablishment process to resume the conversation, but
the network is entitled to determine whether the call reestablishme
nt is allowed or not. “0”=Yes, “1”=No.
In some special circumstances, the drop call may occur when th
e MS goes through a blind area during the conversation. If the call
reestablishment is allowed, the mean drop call rate will be reduced
. However, the call reestablishment process will occupy a longer p
eriod of time, most of the subscribers have hung up before the ree
stablishment process is over, as a result, the call reestablishment f
ailed to achieve its purpose and wasted many radio resources. We
recommend that the call reestablishment be not allowed in the net
work except for some individual cells.
LIMITn
Please note that the ATT in different cells but in the same location area
should be set the same. Because the shutdown of the MS in cells where th
e ATT is YES will start the IMSI detach process, and the network will recor
d the fact that the MS is in the non-working state and reject all the connect
ion requests when using MS as the called. When the MS restarts and is in
the same location area (so the location update process is not started) as
when it shuts down but is in a different cell and the ATT of the cells is set
as NO, so the MS will not start the IMSI attach process, either. In this case,
the MS cannot become the called party until it starts the location updating
process.
IMSI ATTACH/ DETACH (ATT)
The IMSI detach process is that: the MS notifies the network that it is
moving from the working state to the non-working state, or the process of
the SIM card being taken from the MS.
When receiving the notification from the MS, the network will indicate t
he IMSI subscriber to be in the non-working state, so the connection requ
est ending the subscriber as the called party will be rejected. The corresp
onding IMSI attach process is that the MS notifies the network that it has
been in the working state , or the SIM card is re-inserted into the MS.
When the MS re-enters the working state, it will detect whether the curr
ent LAI is the same as the LAI finally recorded in the MS. If they are the sa
me, the MS will start the IMSI attach process, otherwise the MS will start th
e location updating process (instead of the IMSI attach process). When re
ceiving the location updating or IMSI attach process, the network will indi
cate the IMSI subscriber being in the working state.
CCCH_CONF
CCCH message
CCCH_CONF
Meanings blocks in one
Coding
BCCH
0 CCCH use one basic physical channel, not shared with SDCCH 9
1 CCCH use one basic physical channel, shares with SDCCH 3
10 CCCH use two basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 18
100 CCCH use three basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 27
110 CCCH use 4 basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 36
Others Reserved
CCCH_CONF
one basic physical channel but does not share it with the SDC
CH.
AGBLK
The AGBLK setting principle is: given that the AGCH is not o
verloaded, try to reduce the parameter as much as possible to
shorten the time when the MS responds to the paging and impr
ove the quality of service of the system.
In an actual network, the MS only "receives“ the contents in the paging subcha
nnel to which it belongs but ignores the contents in other paging subchannels, or e
ven turn off the power supply of some hardware equipment of the MS for other pagi
ng subchannels to save the MS power overhead (i.e. DRX source).
The reasons for the location update in the GSM system are of t
wo types: one is that the MS finds its location area changed (with
a different LAC), the other one is that the network requires the MS
to periodically update its location.
The frequency of periodic location update is controlled via the
network and the period length is determined by the parameter T32
12.
In general, in areas with larger traffic and signaling flow, you sh
ould select the larger T3212 ( e.g. 16 hours, 20 hours or even 25 h
ours ) , but in areas with smaller traffic and lower signaling flow, y
ou can set the smallerT3212 (3 hours or 6 hours, etc.). In areas wh
ere traffic is far beyond the system capacity, we recommend that
you set T3212 as 0.
NCCPERM
port the measured signals of the adjacent cells to the BS, but each
report may contain at most 6 adjacent cells, Therefore, let the MS o
nly report the information of the cells that may become the hand-o
ver target cells, do not let the MS report the information merely acc
ording to the signal level without selection (usually do not let the
MS report other GSMPLMN cells).
In the single band GSM system, when the MS reports the adjac
ent cell measurement result to the network, it only needs to report
the contents of the 6 adjacent cells with the strongest signals in a
band. When multiple bands form a network, the telecom operator o
ften, according to the actual situation of the network, wants the MS
to access to a frequency band with priority during the handover, s
o the operator hopes that the MS will report the measurement resu
lt on the basis of not only signal strength but signal band as well.
The parameter "multiband indication (MBCR)" is used to notify the
MS that it should report the multiband adjacent cell contents.
The value is 0-3
MBCR (2)
cent cells in each band (not including the band used by the current
service area) in the adjacent table, whose signals are the strongest
and whose NCC are already known and allowed.