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Lesson 1.1 - Body Systems

1. The document provides an overview of the hierarchy and organization of the human body from cells to body systems. 2. It describes the basic units of the body including cells, tissues, organs, and body systems. Cells are the smallest unit and body systems involve groups of organs working together. 3. Key body systems are introduced including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, renal, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, integumentary, and reproductive systems. Each system's organs and basic functions are defined.

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Nabeel Shahid
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69 views51 pages

Lesson 1.1 - Body Systems

1. The document provides an overview of the hierarchy and organization of the human body from cells to body systems. 2. It describes the basic units of the body including cells, tissues, organs, and body systems. Cells are the smallest unit and body systems involve groups of organs working together. 3. Key body systems are introduced including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, renal, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, integumentary, and reproductive systems. Each system's organs and basic functions are defined.

Uploaded by

Nabeel Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1:

Lesson 1.1
Organization of the Body

Instructor : Mouza Alshehhi


GEN 195
Learning Objectives
✓ List the hierarchy of the organization of
the human body.
✓ Simple to complex

✓ Name each body system and its functions.

GEN195 - Living Science


Organization of the Human Body

GEN195 - LIVING SCIENCE


Hierarchy of Organization

Cells
 The smallest living unit found in all
parts of the human body
Tissues
 Similar cells grouped together to do a
specific job
Organs
 Structures composed of several kinds of
tissue
Body Systems
 Groups of organs working together to
perform complex functions

GEN195 - Living Science


Organization of the Human Body

GEN195 - Living Science


Cells

GEN195 - Living Science


1. cell
Cells : The smallest living unit found in all parts of the human body

The nucleus? is based at the center of the


cell and is the ‘control room’ for the cell.

GEN195 - Living Science


What are some examples of types of cells
found in the body ?
Muscle cells
epithelial cells
nerve cells
bone cells

GEN195 - Living Science


Tissues

GEN195 - Living Science


2. Tissues
 Similar cells grouped together to do a specific job

GEN195 - Living Science


Epithelial tissue:
Epithelial tissue: Located all over the body, forms the linings of internal
organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body.
In addition, it lines exocrine and endocrine glands.
Types of glands and different of glands secretion

different of glands secretion

GEN195 - Living Science


Muscle tissue:

Voluntary Involuntary
muscle muscle

Parts of the body


Allows movement that
where movement is
is not under conscious
under conscious
control
control.

found in the heart and


found in arms and digestive system as well
legs as other organs

GEN195 - Living Science


Organs

GEN195 - Living Science


Organs
 Structures composed of several kinds of tissue
 What are some examples of organs?

GEN195 - Living Science


Organs located in the abdomen are :

 the liver
 stomach,
 Intestines
 pancreas,
 spleen,
 gallbladder.

PGL

GEN195 - Living Science

SS
Hierarchy of Organization

Cells
 The smallest living unit found in all
parts of the human body
Tissues
 Similar cells grouped together to do a
specific job
Organs
 Structures composed of several kinds of
tissue
Body Systems
 Groups of organs working together to
perform complex functions

GEN195 - Living Science


Human Body Systems
Human Body Systems

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

11 Human Body Systems


Learn
Human Body Systems more

The major organ systems in the human body


 Circulatory / Cardiovascular
 Respiratory We will focus on
 Digestive these 4 body
 Renal / Urinary systems in this
 Skeletal Unit.
 Muscles
 Endocrine
 Nervous
 Integumentary (skin)
 Reproductive
GEN195 - Living Science
1- Circulatory / Cardiovascular System

GEN195 - Living Science


Circulatory / Cardiovascular System

1- blood 2- Heart

GEN195 - Living Science3-


3- Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
Learn
Circulatory / Cardiovascular System more

 Function:
 Transports substance like
oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide
(CO2), water (H2O), nutrients
and waste throughout the
body

GEN195 - Living Science


Respiratory system

GEN195 - Living Science


Respiratory system Organs:

Lungs, nose, mouth,trach ea

GEN195 - Living Science


Respiratory system

Function:
 Moves air into and out of
lungs
 controls gas exchange
between blood and lungs

GEN195 - Living Science


Watch how the respiratory system wo
rks.
Digestive system

GEN195 - Living Science


Organs:
 mouth,
 salivary glands,
 pharynx,
 esophagus,
 stomach, pancreas, liver,
 gall bladder, small and large intestine

GEN195 - Living Science


Digestive system

Function:
Extracts and absorbs nutrients
from food; removes wastes;
maintains water and chemical
balances

GEN195 - Living Science


Watch food as it moves through the bod
y!
Renal / Urinary system

GEN195 - Living Science


Renal / Urinary system

Function:
 removes wastes from
blood
 regulates
concentration of
body fluids
Organs:
 kidneys, urinary
bladder, ureters,
urethra.
GEN195 - Living Science
Skeletal system

Skeletal system

GEN195 - Living Science


Skeletal system
Function:
 Skeleton supports and
protects organs
 Cartilage connects bones
together
 Bone marrow makes new
blood cells
Organs:
 Bone types: long, short,
irregular, flat
 Bone marrow: found inside
long bones
GEN195 - Living Science
Muscular system

GEN195 - Living Science


Muscular system

Function:
 Muscles allows for movement of
the limbs and substances through
the body
 Creates heat

GEN195 - Living Science


Muscular system

 Muscles 3 types:
 Skeletal : are found on bones and helps to move
the body
 Cardiac :make up the heart and help the heart to
pump blood throughout the body

Smooth: are found in internal organs such as the


esophagus and stomach. Smooth Muscles help
internal organs to carry out their function.

GEN195 - Living Science


Nervous system

GEN195 - Living Science


Nervous system

Organs:
 Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense
organs(eyes, ears, nose, tongue and
skin).

GEN195 - Living Science


Nervous system
Function:

 Regulates behavior

 Maintains homeostasis

 Regulates other organ systems;

 Controls sensory and motor functions

GEN195 - Living Science


Endocrine system

GEN195 - Living Science


Endocrine system
Glands (organs that produce hormones):
 Includes several organs in the body all
controlled by the hypothalamus and the
pituitary gland.
 Hormones are chemical messengers
produced by glands and travel through the
blood.
 Hormones are involved in growth,
development, metabolism…

GEN195 - Living Science


Homeostasis

▪Homeostasis is the maintenance of a


constant internal environment. 

The conditions inside our body must be


carefully controlled to function effectively.

Examples of homeostasis are regulating


body temperature, blood glucose levels
and water content.
GEN195 - Living Science
The thyroid gland
 The thyroid gland is a butterfly-
shaped organ located in the base of
your neck. It releases hormones.

regulate vital body function


control metabolism :
Thyroid gland Hormones •Breathing
•Heart rate
•Body weight
•Body temperature
GEN195 - Living Science •Cholesterol levels
Integumentary system

GEN195 - Living Science


Integumentary system
Function:
 protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss; helps
regulate body temperature

infection

injury

fluid loss body temperature


Integumentary system

Organs:
 skin, nails, hair

GEN195 - Living Science


Reproductive system
Internal and external
Organs: structures in both male
and female

GEN195 - Living Science


Reproductive system

Female Gametes male Gametes


GEN195 - Living Science
Activity: Body Systems
1 2 3 4 5 6

Match the systems below with the correct number.


Respiratory ______, Nervous ______, Skeletal ______,
Circulatory ______, Muscular ______, Digestive ______
GEN195 - Living Science

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