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Module 1 Lesson 1 The Study of Philosophy and Ethics

This document provides an overview of philosophy and ethics. It defines philosophy and discusses its main divisions of practical and speculative philosophy. It then outlines the key branches of each, such as epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics under speculative philosophy and logic and ethics under practical philosophy. The document also discusses the importance of ethics and how it relates to other subjects like psychology, sociology, law, and politics.

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381 views

Module 1 Lesson 1 The Study of Philosophy and Ethics

This document provides an overview of philosophy and ethics. It defines philosophy and discusses its main divisions of practical and speculative philosophy. It then outlines the key branches of each, such as epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics under speculative philosophy and logic and ethics under practical philosophy. The document also discusses the importance of ethics and how it relates to other subjects like psychology, sociology, law, and politics.

Uploaded by

zzrot1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1: Lesson 1

THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS


Philosophy

The term philosophy is taken from two Greek


words, philos and sophia which literally mean
love of wisdom. It seeks to find out the true
meaning of life and the importance of it, the
desire to understand the existence of everything.
Philosophical methods may be used in the
study of any subject or the pursuit of any
vocation. Philosophical training enhances one’s
problem-solving capacities, one’s abilities to
understand and express ideas, and one’s
persuasive powers.
Main Divisions of Philosophy

 Practical Philosophy
 Speculative Philosophy
Speculative Philosophy

It is the division of Philosophy that is


primarily good for contemplative
understanding. It provides knowledge of a
subject or area for the sake of knowledge.
Practical Philosophy

It is the division of philosophy that is good


for real life application. It provides knowledge
to be used or applied in concrete actions or
situations.
Branches of Speculative Philosophy

 Epistemology  Theodicy
 Metaphysics  Rational Philosophy
 Cosmology  Social Philosophy
 Anthropology  Political Philosophy
 Aesthetics
Epistemology

It is the branch of philosophy that deals with


the theory of knowledge – its sources, kinds, and
reliability. It is concerned with the definition,
sources kinds, and criteria of knowledge
possible, and the degree to which each is certain.
Metaphysics

It is a branch of philosophy that deals with


the nature of existence. It is customarily
divided into Ontology and Metaphysics proper.
Ontology deals with the question of how
many fundamentally distinct sorts of entities
compose the universe, and Metaphysics proper,
which describes the most general traits of
reality.
Cosmology

It is the scientific study of the universe on


the largest scales of space and time,
particularly the propounding of theories
concerning its origin, nature, structure, and
evolution.
Anthropology

It is the study of man and his destiny. It


reflects upon man in order to understand him in
his entirety, grasping the fundamental
principles of his existence in the world and his
behavior.
Aesthetics

It is a philosophical inquiry about beauty in


all of its forms. It also deals with the question
of whether such qualities are objectively
present in the things they appear to qualify, or
exist only in the mind of the individual.
Theodicy

It is the branch of philosophy that deals


with the study of Supreme Being, defined as
both omnipotent and good in the light of
evil in the world.
Rational Philosophy

It is primarily concern with the principles


of living things, especially that of man,
focusing mainly on the relevance of the soul
and self-knowledge which arises from
common sense and natural reason.
Social Philosophy

It is a branch of philosophy that deals with


the study of the nature of society, relation
between the individual, and social interaction
that takes place in the given community.
Political Philosophy

It is a branch of philosophy that deals with


the study of the ultimate foundation of the
state, the nature of legitimate authority, the
form of government, and the perfect form of
society.
Branches of Practical Philosophy

 Logic
 Ethics
Logic

It is the formal and systematic study of


the principles of valid inference and correct
reasoning. It is commonly known as the art
and science of correct thinking.
Ethics

It is a branch of philosophy that deals


with the concepts and principles or
morality.
It is a normative science of the conduct of
human being living in societies; a science
which judges the conduct to be right or
wrong, to be good or bad.
Difference between Ethics and Morality

Etymologically, there is no difference


between ethics and morality, because both
Ethics and Morality comes form the Latin
word mos or moris, which means custom.
However, there is a slight difference
between ethics and morality. Ethics provides
man with theoretical knowledge of the
morality of human act while morality
actualizes the theory. Morality is nothing
else but doing of ethics.
Division of Ethics

 General Ethics
 Special Ethics
General Ethics

It presents truths about human acts, and


from these truths deduce the general
principles of morality. General ethics is
applied to individual in relation to himself, to
God and to his fellow man.
Special Ethics

This one is applied ethics. It applies to


the principles of general ethics in different
departments of human activity, individual
and social. It includes man’s relation to the
family, to the state and to the world.
Importance of Ethics

The importance of the study of ethics


follows immediately from the meaning of
ethics itself.
Ethics means living in proper way and it
is in the development of a good moral
character and virtues that man finds
perfection and understands his purpose of
existence.
The Greek triumvirate, the Christian
teachings and majority of Oriental
Philosophers affirmed that the ultimate
purpose of human existences is not
acquisition of material possession, power and
prestige but in the development of moral
qualities that make men unique and supreme
from all creation.
Confucius laid great emphasis on the
cultivation of character, the purity of heart
and conduct. He extorted to the people a
good character first, which is a priceless
jewel and which is the best of all virtues.
Relationship of Ethics to Other Sciences

 Ethics and Logic  Ethics and Education


 Ethics and Psychology  Ethics and Law
 Ethics and Sociology  Ethics and Art
 Ethics and Economics  Ethics and Political
Science
Ethics and Logic

Logic is the science and art of correct


reasoning. Ethics is the science of good and
proper living. But good living presupposes
correct thinking and reasoning. Doing
follows thinking.
Ethics and Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of


behavior and cognitive mental process. Both
involve the study of man, human nature, and
human behavior.
Ethics and Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society


and culture while Ethics is concerned with
the moral order, which also includes social
order.
Society exists because of the observance of
moral laws that makes sociology dependent
on Ethics. Both are complimentary, norms
and cultures of the people which are the basis
of ethical standards of a particular society.
Ethics and Economics

Economics is the proper allocation and


efficient use of available resources for the
maximum satisfaction of human needs.
His means of livelihood therefore must be
morally acceptable. He must observe justice
and fairness with his fellow being.
Ethics and Education

Education liberates men from ignorance not


only from ethical standards but also from laws
that are implemented by the society.
Education is concerned with the total human
development.
Ethics and Law

Laws imposed by the society must be fair,


just, and humane. It must be for the welfare
of the majority of the people and not
offensive to morality. There is a difference
between what is moral and what is legal.
Thee legal covers only the external acts of
man; the moral governs even the internal
acts of man, such as the volitional and
intentional activities of the will and mind.
Ethics and Art

Man’s artistic creation must have a noble


purpose, which should not be offensive to
morality. A piece of art should reflect beauty
and must inspire every person who sees it.
Ethics and Political Science

Political Science is the study of state and


government. Politics covers the
administration and management of out
government.
Politics is also concerned with the material
needs of man while ethics is primarily
concern with the spiritual needs of man,
these two are inseparable.
Politics is not bad at all, if it used
properly; the politicians must set aside their
personal interest and rather promote the
general welfare of the citizens.

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