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Digital Objects and System Architecture of Digital Libraries

The document discusses digital objects, digital library architecture, and components of digital library systems. It covers digital objects and digital object identifiers (DOIs). It describes the notional, operational, technical, and system architecture levels. It discusses key digital library components like user interfaces, repositories, the handle system, and search systems. It also covers digital repositories, the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol, and how service-oriented architecture (SOA) can help overcome problems in digital library projects.

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Baacaa meskerem
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117 views23 pages

Digital Objects and System Architecture of Digital Libraries

The document discusses digital objects, digital library architecture, and components of digital library systems. It covers digital objects and digital object identifiers (DOIs). It describes the notional, operational, technical, and system architecture levels. It discusses key digital library components like user interfaces, repositories, the handle system, and search systems. It also covers digital repositories, the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol, and how service-oriented architecture (SOA) can help overcome problems in digital library projects.

Uploaded by

Baacaa meskerem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Digital Objects and System Architecture


of Digital Libraries

Prepared by Mr. Abdi K 1


Digital Objects and DOI

 Digital objects or digital materials :- refers to any item


that is available digitally.
 A digital object identifier (DOI):- is a character
string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or
other object.
 Metadata about the object is stored in association with the
DOI name and
 this metadata may include a location, such as a URL, where
the object can be found. chapter 4 2
Digital Library Architecture
An architectural approach to the digital library
includes the following:
 Notional Architecture
 Operational System
 Technical System
 System Architecture

chapter 4 3
Notional Architecture

At notional level, data, metadata and meta-object are


considered.
Data are library materials in the traditional libraries
where as digital library deals with digital information or
data and
metadata is data about object in the digital library.
A meta-object is an object that provides references to a
set of digital objects. chapter 4 4
Operational System

 At operational architecture level, it is important to focus


on how information flow is managed through the system's
components.
 Digital library will be a collection of disparate systems
and resources connected through a network, and integrated
within one interface, most likely a Web interface or one of
its descendants.

chapter 4 5
Technical System

 At technical level we have to think about the functional


component. The metadata is for content and is added to the
digital library.
 It provides information about the content. So, Metadata and
data must be bound together logically, and there must be a
robust(strong) underlying technology to manage the logical
connection through time, across platforms, and over
geographical separations, all on a networked, distributed system.

chapter 4 6
System Architecture

 The system architecture:- is rationalized(modernized)


relative to the operational and technical architecture .It is
desirable, to concern, system properties such as
scalability(capable of being scaled or easily) and
extensibility(capable of being extended) can be taken into
account at the system architecture level.

chapter 4 7
cont’d…

A digital library:- is an integrated set of services for

 capturing,
cataloging,
storing,
searching,
protecting, and
retrieving information, which provide coherent(logical)
organization and convenient access to typically large amounts of
digital information. chapter 4 8
Criteria for digital library

To develop a digital library system, the following criteria can be

considered:

•Low cost :- including all hardware and software components;

•Technically simple to install and manage.

•Robust(strong and healthy)

•Open and inter-operable

•User Friendly

•Multi-user (including both searching and maintenance)

•Multimedia digital object enabled and

•Platform independent (including chapter


both 4client and server components). 9
cont’d….

• Service driven:-The architecture for the DLs must be driven by the


services it provides and tools required for delivering the service
• Open architecture:-The architecture must be open, extensible and
support interoperability among heterogeneous, distributed systems.
• Scalability:-The architecture must be robust, scalable and reliable
in a high transaction rate production setting thousands of patrons
with a wide variety of backgrounds and information needs.

chapter 4 10
cont’d…
• Preservation:-The architecture must ensure persistent access
to collection of the DL, addressing such issues as naming,
digital archiving and digital preservation.
• Privacy:-The architecture must be sensitive to privacy issues
and support both anonymous and customized access to resources.
• Practicality:-The architecture should represent a flexible and
practical approach to standards, recognizing the need to balance
the level of information collection with economic constraints.

chapter 4 11
cont’d…

• Modularity:-The architecture should represent a mix of


new technology and legacy pieces, all of which must inter
operate while involving at different rates.
• Time frame:-The time frame required to plan for system
migrations as well as planning for a technology generation
framework should be approximately 3 to 5 years.

chapter 4 12
cont’d…

• Client support:-The architecture should support a

base line level of services, which can be accessed


with common desktop configuration and software.
Certain higher level services may require proprietary
clients but the support of these clients should be
determined by DL tool and services group.

chapter 4 13
Components of digital library
 Digital library framework permits many different
computer systems to coexist. The key components are shown
in the figure below. They run on a variety of computer
systems connected by a computer network, such as the
Internet.

chapter 4 14
Cont’d…

User Interfaces:- We have to use two user interfaces: one


for the end-users of the digital library, the other for digital
librarians and system administrators who manage the
collections. Each user interface is in two parts. A standard
Internet browser is used for the actual interactions with the
user. This can be Netscape Navigator, Microsoft's Internet
Explorer, Mozilla Firefox etc.

chapter 4 15
Cont’d…
 Fig. 1: Major system components

chapter 4 16
Cont’d…

 The browser connects to client services, which provide


intermediary functions between the browser and the other
parts of the system.
 The client services allow the user to decide where to
search and what to Retrieve and they interpret Information
structured as digital objects.

chapter 4 17
Cont’d…

 Repository:- Repositories store and manage digital


objects and other information. A large digital library may
have many repositories of various types, including modern
repositories, legacy databases, and Web servers. The interface
to this repository is called the repository access protocol
(RAP).

chapter 4 18
Cont’d…

 Handle System:- Handles are general-purpose identifiers


that can be used to identify Internet resources, such as digital
objects, over long periods of time and to manage materials
stored in any repository or database. When used with the
repository, the handle system receives as input a handle for a
digital object and returns the identifier of the repository
where the object is stored.

chapter 4 19
Cont’d…

 Search System:-The design of the digital library system


assumes that there will be many indexes and catalogs that can
be searched to discover information before retrieving it from
a repository. These indexes may be independently managed
and support a wide range of protocols.

chapter 4 20
Digital repositories

 Digital repositories have become important


infrastructure for disseminating and curetting a wide range
of digital works. Repositories managed by libraries usually
collect locally authored and locally produced works. Some
repository content is born digital, but often content includes
pre-publication versions of works published elsewhere or
files resulting from scanning or other reformatting activities.

chapter 4 21
cont’d…

 Most digital archives comply with the Open Archives


Initiative (OAI) protocol for metadata harvesting, which
makes them interoperable and cross-searchable. Users can
find a work in an OAI-compliant archive without knowing
which archives exist, where they are located, or what they
contain.

chapter 4 22
SOA and Digital Libraries

 (SOA ):- stands for Service-Oriented Architecture.


 A service-oriented architecture is simply a collection of
application services. It allows many applications or
components of systems to be loosely joined and yet
perform different functions efficiently.
 A digital library developed under service-oriented
architecture will overcome many of the problems that
have stalled digital library projects.
chapter 4 23

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