Scribd
Upload
3K views9 pages

Method Setting Out of Drainage 2

This document discusses methods for setting out drainage systems, including the use of boning rods, ditch templates, and offset elevations. Boning rods are wooden stakes used to lay out trench lines and ensure consistent trench depths. Ditch templates are trapezoidal frames used to check ditch profiles. Offset elevations involve placing levels on offset stakes to define the vertical profile of drains. The document provides an example drainage plan and cautions the need to identify any underground utilities before excavating.

Uploaded by

amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views9 pages

Method Setting Out of Drainage 2

This document discusses methods for setting out drainage systems, including the use of boning rods, ditch templates, and offset elevations. Boning rods are wooden stakes used to lay out trench lines and ensure consistent trench depths. Ditch templates are trapezoidal frames used to check ditch profiles. Offset elevations involve placing levels on offset stakes to define the vertical profile of drains. The document provides an example drainage plan and cautions the need to identify any underground utilities before excavating.

Uploaded by

amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Method in Setting Out of Drainage

Methods of Drainage
Boning Rod
Boning rods are generally manufactured on site from wooden laths to a " T "
profile and of uniform height. A simple stand can also be manufactured.
The top piece is generally used in the layout of trenches for sewers, pipe lines,
drainage, etc. The length of a boning rod for each trench section is kept same.
The use of a boning rod is shown in figure below:

Boning Rod
Method in Setting Out of Drainage
Using Boning Rod
In the figure below, it can be seen that the
ground level at point 3 is too low and the boning rod is positioned too
far to the right. By raising this boning rod and aligning it with rods 1
and 2, the bottom of rod 3 indicates the required level and its location
is on a straight line.

1
Method in Setting Out of Drainage
Using Ditch Templates

Ditch Templates are generally a trapezoid constructed of timber laths


or
plywood to check the profile of ditches, mitre drains, back slopes, etc.

Ditch Templates
Method in Setting Out of Drainage
Method Off-Set Elevation
Once the off-set pegs have been located in the horizontal plane forming
a "plan" of the drainage alignment on the surface of the ground, the
shape of the drain in the vertical plane must now be defined by placing
levels on the off-set pegs. These levels define the distance down (-) or
up (+) from the top of the off-set pegs to finished formation level of the
road.

1
Method in Setting Out of Drainage

During the initial survey of the drain, centre line pegs are located and
levelled. Thus on every centre line peg is a level up (+) or down (-)
from the top of the peg to the finished formation level of the road. To
transfer this centre line peg, level to the off-set pegs, use the straight
edge or a line level to determine the cross-slope of the
hillside and calculate "X".

From the figure below it can be seen that one end of the beam is placed
on top of the centre line peg. The spirit level is used to ensure
horizontality of the beam and obtain a measurement to the ground. This
process may be continued until the toe off-set is reached. Thus the
1

summation of these measurements will provide the


exact excavation and fill levels of the centre line and the toe of the fill.
Method in Setting Out of Drainage
Equally, the same exercise is carried out to establish the difference
between the top of the back-slope and centre line pegs. It is essential
that as level differences are measured, a calculation is made using the
centre line level data to complete the levels up/down to the finished
road formation level from the top of the toe and back slope
pegs. A simple example follows to illustrate these points.

1
Example in Setting Out of Drainage
Example 1

Sample Drainage Plan


Method in Setting Out of Drainage

Table 1. Batter slopes of open ditches according to soil


.texture and drain depth

Channel greater than Channel less than 1.3


1.3m deep m deep Soil

1:1 1 : ½1 Heavy clay

1 : ½1 1:1 Clay or silt loam


1

1:2 1 : ½1 Sandy loam

1:3 1:2 Sand


Precautions in Setting Out of Drainage

Cautions
1. When installing any drainage system it important to be aware of any
underground services which might be encountered.
2. These include:
a) Telecom cables
b) water supply pipes
c) sewerage/effluent disposal pipes.
d) Electric cables 1

You might also like