Construction Techniques Used at Hunnarshala Campus.

HUNNARSHALA CAMPUS
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
INTRODUCTION
HUNNARSHALA CAMPUS
LOCATION : BHUJ, GUJRAT
ARCHITECTS : HUNNARSHALA FOUNDATION , BHUJ
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES USED IN

HUNNARSHALA CAMPUS :
1. CSEB (Compressed stabilized earth blocks)

2. Balinese roof thatching technique
3. Wattle and Daub
4. Rammed Earth
5. Natural Plasters
CSEB (Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks)
A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed

soil block, is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure
to form blocks. Compressed earth blocks use a mechanical press to form blocks .
PROCESS OF MAKING CSEBs :
Six production stages

1. Preparation (Digging + Sieving)
2. Measuring
3. Mixing (dry + wet)
4. Pressing
5. Initial curing and first stacking
6. Final curing and stacking Sieving soil
A good soil for CSEB is more sandy than clayey.
Topsoil and organic soils must not be used.
The approximate amount of materials required for

300 blocks is:
- 1 m3 of untreated soil
- 50 kg cement (5% stabilization)
- 125 L of water
Cement The selection of a stabilizer will

3 % 5 %
stabilization depend upon the soil quality and
Lime the project requirements.
2 % 6 %
stabilization
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Mixing :
Mixing greatly affects finished block quality and therefore must be done thoroughly. When
performed manually, it should be done on a hard, flat, non-absorbent surface.
The soil, cement and any necessary sand

should be combined and then thoroughly
mixed to achieve a mix which is
homogeneous in both color and texture . A
regular concrete mixer can also be used for
dry mixing. Once the dry mixing is
complete, water is added to hydrate the
concrete and the soil is allowed to be
compressed. It is important to move from
wet mixing the soil to compression as
quickly as possible.
Dry mixing of ingredients
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Filling the press mould by prepared materials in compressor.
After pressing it is cured and stacked. CSEBs are subjected to have curing time of 28
days.
STACKING OF BLOCKS
CSEB Wall CSEB Block
ENERGY EFFECTIVENESS

Initial embodied energy (MJ/m3 of Carbon emission (Kg of CO2 /m3 of
materials) materials)
CSEB are polluting 13 times less

CSEB are consuming 11 times less than country fired bricks:
energy than country fired bricks: CSEB produced on site with 5 %
CSEB produced on site with 5 % cement = 49.37 Kg of CO2 /m3
cement = 548.32 MJ/m3
Country fired bricks = 642.87 Kg of
Country fired bricks = 6,122.54 MJ/m3
CO2 /m3
COST EFFECTIVENESS : CSEB are most the time cheaper than fired bricks and
concrete blocks.
Balinese Thatch Roof
Bali thatch, traditionally known as

'Alang Alang' grass, offers a
functional and environmentally
friendly alternative for any outdoor
structure.
Installed correctly, it provides

waterproof roofing. Bali
thatching requires no special skills to
install and easy maintenance
1
1. Begin the layering process of the thatch strips at the
bottom of the roof structure, adjacent to the fascia. Nail
through the bamboo batten to the rafters
2. Then each strip is to be nailed 80mm apart. Continue

up the roofline cutting strip and nailing until the entire
structure is covered.
2
Building roofs hang low, mix thatch and Mangalore tiles – both supported by slender
space frames
Roof made of mud rolls. A wooden baton is rolled
into layers of mud and jute to form rolls of
optimum length. These are laid over the rafters and
are used for ceilings. Roof coverings are made of
ceramic tiles or thatch.
WATTLE AND DAUB
Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in
which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually
made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.
The wattle is made by weaving thin branches (either whole, or more usually split) or slats between
upright stakes. The wattle may be made as loose panels, slotted between timber framing to make
infill panels, or made in place to form the whole of a wall.
RAMMED EARTH
Rammed earth construction involves the use of compressed earth. A mixture of

earth consisting of 70% of sand and 30% of gravel and clay is poured into a
mould or formwork.
This earth mixture is rammed until it becomes rock solid.
Rammed earth mixture consists of 6 parts sand, 1 part gravel, and 3 parts clay
by weight. For each of these mixtures,
3 to 10% by weight of Portland cement was added.
water is added to these mixtures to ensure an optimum moisture content,
Beside this earth building technique , there are other common methods
Applications for rammed earth wall systems
● Load-bearing wall systems
● Interior walls
● Built-in furniture, benches
● Decorative elements
Applications for rammed earth wall systems

● Load-bearing wall systems
● Interior walls
● Built-in furniture, benches
● Decorative elements
A lightly moistened earth mix with a relatively low clay content (10%–30% is
common) is placed into forms in lifts, then tamped heavily to achieve a desired
level of compaction. The soil mix varies by region and builder, but it is common
to “stabilize” the mix with a small amount (3%–9%) of portland cement or other
hydraulic binder.
The walls are built up in continuous lifts to full height. Often they are built in
sections, so that formwork is not needed continuously around the building.
Window and door openings are usually created using a wooden “volume
displacement box” or VDB. These VDBs hold the place of the window or door
as tamping occurs around them. Once the wall is complete the VDB is
removed, leaving a well-formed opening in the wall.
For large openings, lintels of wood, concrete or steel can be used above the
opening; these are often buried in the rammed earth so they cannot be seen in
PLASTER
● Mud plaster constitutes of Mud and
Admixtures. The particles within mud are
Clay (finest), Silt and Sand (coarse). In
pure mud plaster, constituents of mud itself
act as binder (clay in mud) and aggregate
(sand in mud).
● In-case of clayey soil or sandy soil, clay
content of mud is preferably kept between
12%-30%, by mixing mud types in required
proportion.
● Fibres like rice husk is added to reduce
cracks. Cow dung is also added for better
binding, anti-septic and water repelling
quality.
● Various colours can be attained with mixing
different types of soil and natural pigments.
At last, multiple coats of linseed oil, coconut
oil or neem oil is applied to water-proof the
surface.
Using the finish plaster
Pre-soak the work area 30 to 90 minutes
Do not skip or skimp this step! The key to good adhesion between plaster and
cob is making the cob wet when applying the plaster. It takes some time for the
water to soak in enough to be effective. Dripping water is less useful, but
otherwise the wetter the better. Wet a large area during this step.
Re-wet a small working area

Now that the water has soaked in it is important to rewet the surface immediately
before applying the plaster. Wet small areas at a time that you can plaster in ten
minutes.
THANK YOU
Presented by :
Priti kocheta
Pranali lambat
Kalyani wadhai
Mrunmayee thakare
Parul ramteke
Payal mohitkar
Sakshi tarale

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HUNNARSHALA CAMPUS

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES USED IN

1. CSEB (Compressed stabilized earth blocks)

A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed

PROCESS OF MAKING CSEBs :

Six production stages

The approximate amount of materials required for

Cement The selection of a stabilizer will

The soil, cement and any necessary sand

CSEB are polluting 13 times less

Bali thatch, traditionally known as

Installed correctly, it provides

2. Then each strip is to be nailed 80mm apart. Continue

Rammed earth construction involves the use of compressed earth. A mixture of

Applications for rammed earth wall systems

Re-wet a small working area

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