Road Patterns

ROAD
PATTERNS
Road network can be laid in various patterns. These
patterns in which the road network is laid could be
 Rectangular or Block pattern
 Radial or Star and block Pattern
 Radial or Star and Circular Pattern
 Radial or Star and Grid Pattern
 Hexagonal Pattern
 Minimum Travel Pattern
Rectangular or Block pattern:
In this pattern, the whole area is divided
into rectangular blocks of plots, with
streets intersecting at right angles. The
main road which passes through the
center of the area should be sufficiently
wide and other branch roads may be
comparatively narrow. The main road is
provided a direct approach to outside
the city.
Rectangular or Block pattern:
Advantages:
 1) The rectangular plots may be further divided into small rectangular blocks
for construction of buildings placed back to back, having roads on their front.
 2) In this pattern has been adopted for the city roads.
 3) The construction and maintenance of roads of this pattern is comparatively
easier.
Limitations:
 This pattern is not very much convenient because at the intersections, the
vehicles face each other.
Radial or Star and block Pattern:
In this pattern, the entire area
is divided into a network of
roads radiating from the
business outwardly. In
between radiating main
roads, the built-up area may
be planned with rectangular
block.
Radial or Star and block Pattern:
 Advantage:
 1) Reduces level of congestion at the primary bottleneck location.

 2) Prevents traffic from accessing local flow routes in the direction of the event venue that
operate in favor of egress traffic flow.
 3) If one is block then other side traffic can move.
 4) Vehicles face each other less than block pattern.
Limitations:
 1) Proves particularly effective if two-lane ramp traffic does not have to merge at
downstream end of ramp.
 2) Safety appurtenances such as guide rail transitions, crash attenuators, and post support
bases have not been designed to provide adequate protection at hazardous locations from the
opposite direction of travel.
Radial or Star and
Circular Pattern:
In this system, the main
radial roads radiating from
central business area are
connected together with
concentric roads. In these
areas, boundary by adjacent
radial roads and
corresponding circular roads,
the built-up area is planned
with a curved block system.
Radial or Star and Circular Pattern:
 Advantages:
 1) At traditional intersections with stop signs or traffic signals, some of the most
common types of crashes are right-angle, left-turn, and head-on collisions. These
types of collisions can be severe because vehicles may be traveling through the
intersection at high speeds. With circular pattern, these types of potentially serious
crashes essentially are eliminated because vehicles travel in the same direction.
 2) Installing circular pattern in place of traffic signals can also reduce the
likelihood of rear-end crashes.
 3) Removing the reason for drivers to speed up as they approach green lights and
by reducing abrupt stops at red lights.
 4) Because roundabouts improve the efficiency of traffic flow, they also reduce
vehicle emissions and fuel consumption.
Radial or Star and Circular Pattern:
 Limitations:
 1) Center lines of roads leading to circular pattern should be properly aligned with
the central island.
 2) Approach roads should be sufficiently curved, far enough in advance of circular
pattern, to reduce vehicle speeds of entering drivers.
 3) Islands separating the approach and exit lanes, known as splitter islands, should
extend far enough to provide pedestrian refuge and to delineate the roundabout.
 4) Traffic signs, pavement markings, and lighting should be adequate so that
drivers are aware that they are approaching a roundabout and that they should
reduce their travel speed.
 5) For older drivers declines in vision, hearing, and cognitive functions, as well as
physical impairments, may affect some older adults' driving ability. Intersections
can be especially challenging for older drivers.
Radial or Star and Grid Pattern:
Change in direction, and because street
patterns are the most enduring physical
element of any layout, it could
potentially contribute to systematic
site planning and, consequently,
deserves a closer look. Though the
network is entirely interconnected,
north-south movement becomes
circuitous, indirect, and inconvenient,
making driving an unlikely choice and
vividly illustrating that
interconnectedness by itself is
insufficient to facilitate movement.
Radial or Star and Grid Pattern:
 Advantages:
 1) Keep vehicular traffic safe with a high proportion of 3-way intersections.

 2) Reduce cut-through traffic by similar or other means.
 3) Improve traffic flow in both directions using Savannah’s cellular structure.
 4) Improve land use efficiency and unit density.
 Limitations:
 1) Islands separating the approach and exit lanes, known as splitter islands, should
extend far enough.
 2) Traffic signs, pavement markings, and lighting should be adequate so that
drivers are aware that they should reduce their travel speed.
Hexagonal Pattern :
In this pattern, the entire area is
provided with a network of roads
formatting hexagonal figures. At
each corner of the hexagon, three
roads meet the built-up area
boundary by the sides of the
hexagons is further divided in
suitable sizes.
Hexagonal Pattern :
 Advantages:
 1) Three roads meet the built-up area boundary by

the sides of the hexagons.
Limitations:
 1) Traffic signs, pavement markings, and
lighting should be adequate so that drivers are aware
that they should reduce their travel speed.
Minimum Travel Pattern
 In this road pattern, city is contented by
sector center, suburban center and
neighborhood center by the road which
required minimum to connect the city center.
 Legend: City center – encircled dot- sector
center - * suburban center - * neighborhood
center - * representation of a Minimum
Travel city
Minimum Travel Pattern
 Advantages:
 1) these types of potentially serious crashes essentially are eliminated.
 Limitations:
 1) Traffic signs, pavement markings, and lighting should be adequate

so that drivers are aware that they should reduce their travel speed.
 2) Intersections can be especially challenging for older drivers.

Road Patterns

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ROAD

 1) Reduces level of congestion at the primary bottleneck location.

 1) Keep vehicular traffic safe with a high proportion of 3-way intersections.

 1) Three roads meet the built-up area boundary by

 1) these types of potentially serious crashes essentially are eliminated.

 1) Traffic signs, pavement markings, and lighting should be adequate

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