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Electrical Power Transmission Lecture # 9: Prepared by Hassan Raza

This document discusses electrical power transmission and resistance in transmission lines. It contains the following key points: 1) Resistance of transmission line conductors is the main cause of power loss in transmission lines. Resistance is calculated based on the resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. 2) Resistance increases linearly with temperature over the normal operating range. The temperature coefficient relates how resistance changes with temperature. 3) In a single-phase line, total resistance is double the resistance of one conductor. In a 3-phase line, resistance per phase is the resistance of one conductor. 4) Capacitance of a single-phase two-wire line depends on the spacing and radius of

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Mr Hassan Raza
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53 views

Electrical Power Transmission Lecture # 9: Prepared by Hassan Raza

This document discusses electrical power transmission and resistance in transmission lines. It contains the following key points: 1) Resistance of transmission line conductors is the main cause of power loss in transmission lines. Resistance is calculated based on the resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor. 2) Resistance increases linearly with temperature over the normal operating range. The temperature coefficient relates how resistance changes with temperature. 3) In a single-phase line, total resistance is double the resistance of one conductor. In a 3-phase line, resistance per phase is the resistance of one conductor. 4) Capacitance of a single-phase two-wire line depends on the spacing and radius of

Uploaded by

Mr Hassan Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Power Transmission

Lecture # 9
Prepared by
Hassan Raza
Resistance of a Transmission Line
The resistance of transmission line conductors is the most
important cause of power loss in a transmission
line. The resistance R of a line conductor having resistivity
ρ, length l and area of cross-section
a is given by ;

The variation of resistance of metallic conductors with


temperature is practically linear over the normal range of
operation.
Suppose R1 and R2 are the resistances of a conductor at t1ºC
and t2ºC (t2 > t1) respectively. If α1 is the temperature
coefficient at t1°C, then,
R2 = R1 [1 + α1 (t2− t1)]
(i) In a single phase or 2-wire d.c line, the total resistance
(known as loop resistance) is equal to double the resistance
of either conductor.
(ii) In case of a 3-phase transmission line, resistance per
phase is the resistance of one conductor.
Capacitance of a Single Phase Two-wire Line
Consider a single phase overhead transmission line
consisting of two parallel conductors A and B spaced d
meters apart in air. Suppose that radius of each
conductor is r meters. Let their respective charge be + Q
and − Q coulombs per meter length. The total p.d.
between conductor A and neutral “infinite” plane is
Capacitance to neutral.
Equation (i) gives the capacitance between the conductors of a
two wire line [See Fig.i ]. Often it is desired to know the
capacitance between one of the conductors and a neutral point
between them. Since potential of the mid-point between the
conductors is zero, the potential difference between each
conductor and the ground or neutral is half the potential
difference
between the conductors. Thus the capacitance to ground or
capacitance to neutral for the two wire line is twice the line-to-
line capacitance (capacitance between conductors as shown in
Fig ii).
Capacitance of a 3-Phase Overhead Line
In a 3-phase transmission line, the capacitance of each
conductor is considered instead of capacitance from
conductor to conductor. Here, again two cases arise viz.,
i) Symmetrical spacing
ii) Unsymmetrical spacing.
(i) Symmetrical Spacing.
Fig. shows the three conductors A, B and C of the 3-
phase overhead transmission line having charges QA,
QB and QC per meter length respectively. Let the
conductors be equidistant (d meters) from each other.
We shall find the capacitance from line conductor to
neutral in this symmetrically spaced line. Referring to
Fig. , overall potential difference between conductor A
and infinite neutral plane.
(ii) Unsymmetrical spacing.
Fig. shows a 3-phase transposed line having unsymmetrical
spacing. Let us assume balanced conditions i.e.
QA + QB + QC = 0.
Any Question
?

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