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Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A Single

This experiment determines the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer by performing open circuit and short circuit tests, which involve measuring voltages, currents, and power with the secondary open or shorted to calculate the resistance, reactance, and other parameters. The open circuit test is done on the high voltage side and short circuit test on the low voltage side to most accurately measure the parameters. These simple tests allow determining the transformer characteristics without overloading the transformer.

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Haytham Kenway
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270 views16 pages

Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A Single

This experiment determines the equivalent circuit parameters of a single-phase transformer by performing open circuit and short circuit tests, which involve measuring voltages, currents, and power with the secondary open or shorted to calculate the resistance, reactance, and other parameters. The open circuit test is done on the high voltage side and short circuit test on the low voltage side to most accurately measure the parameters. These simple tests allow determining the transformer characteristics without overloading the transformer.

Uploaded by

Haytham Kenway
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No:02

Determination of Transformer Equivalent Circuit


parameters of a Single-phase Transformer
Introduction
 
The four main parameters of
equivalent circuit are:
- R01=Rp+Rs as referred to primary
(or secondary R02)
- the equivalent leakage reactance
X01= Xp+Xs as referred to primary
(or secondary X02)
- Magnetising susceptance B0 ( or
reactance X0)
- core loss conductance G0 (or
resistance R0)
Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit diagram of ideal transformer
Introduction
• The above constants can be easily determined by two tests
• - Oper circuit test (O.C test / No load test)
• - Short circuit test (S.C test/Impedance test)
• These tests are economical and convenient
• - these tests furnish the result without actually loading the
transformer
Open-circuit Test
• In Open Circuit Test the transformer’s secondary winding is open-
circuited, and its primary winding is connected to a full-rated line
voltage.
• Usually conducted on H.V side
• To find
• (i) No load loss or core loss
• (ii) No load current Io which is helpful in finding Ro and Xo
finding Ro and Xo
•  For the determination of the core loss resistance (Ro) and
magnetising reactance (Xo), first we have to determine the power
factor of open circuit condition and it is done by using equation (1)
• (1)
where, Po= wattmeter reading,Vo= voltmeter reading, Io= Ammeter
reading.
After that, we have to calculate impedance by using following equation
< (2)
=R0+jXm
Short-circuit Test
• In Short Circuit Test the secondary terminals are short circuited, and the
primary terminals are connected to a fairly low-voltage source
• The input voltage is adjusted until the current in the short circuited
windings is equal to its rated value. The input voltage, current and
power is measured.
• Usually conducted on L.V side
• To find
• (i) Full load copper loss – to pre determine the efficiency
• (ii) Z01 or Z02; X01 or X02; R01 or R02 - to predetermine the voltage
regulation
Finding Ro1 and Xo1
•  For the determination of the ohomic resistance (Ro1) and leakage
reactance (Xo1), first we have to determine the power factor of open
circuit condition and it is done by using equation (3)
• (3)
where, Ps= wattmeter reading,Vs= voltmeter reading, Is= Ammeter
reading.
After that, we have to calculate impedance by using following equation
< (4)
=Ro1+jX01
Required Apparatus
• Single-phase transformer(220V/ 110V)
• Variable AC source (Variac)
• Two Digital multimeters
• Analog/ Digital AC wattmeters
Circuit Diagram

Fig. 2 Connection for transformer open–circuit test.


Circuit Diagram

Fig. 3 Connection for transformer short–circuit test.


Procedure
• Open Circuit Test
• Connect the apparatus as shown in Figure 2. Apply the rated input
voltage to theprimary winding and measure input voltage, current,
power, and output voltage.
• Starting from Voc =100V turn the variac knob and slowly increase the
input voltage. Complete all the data in Table 1.
• Determine the parameters of the magnetising branch using Equations
(1) to (2).
Procedure
• Short Circuit Test
• Short-circuit the secondary winding through an ammeter as shown in
Figure 3.
• Slowly and gradually increase the applied voltage and carefully watch
the primary and secondary currents. Measurements and calculations
ratio should be done for short circuit current values specified in Table 2.
• Calculate the short circuit impedance as measured from the primary
using Equations (3) to (4).
• Complete all the measurements and calculations in Table 2.
Data Table
Table 1. Transformer open circuit test measurements and
calculations.
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter pf= Zo=< Ro Xo
Reading (Vo) Reading (Io) Reading (Po) (ohm) (ohm)
(V) (A) (W)
Data Table
Table 2. Transformer Short circuit test measurements and
calculations.
Ammeter Voltmeter Wattmeter pf= Zo=< Ro1 Xo1
Reading (Is) Reading (Vs) Reading (Ps) (ohm) (ohm)
(V) (A) (W)
Discussion
Questions
• What are the approximations of open circuit and short circuit tests?
• Why open circuit test is performed in the high-tension side whereas
short circuit test is performed in the low-tension side?

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