MS Excel

Is a spreadsheet application program

created by Microsoft Corporation.
It is used to calculate numeric information
such as budgets, income, expenses,
scientific and statistical data.
What is a Worksheet?
Is an on-screen
What is a Workbook?
spreadsheet that
contains various cells
in columns and rowsIt contains one or more
worksheets which are
automatically named in
the sheet tabs as Sheet1,
sheet2, sheet3 and so
on,
MS Excel Screen
 Column
Select All
Formula Bar Headers
Name Box

Active Cell Gridlines

Row Headers

Sheet Tabs
 Mouse Pointer
 Normal arrow
• it is used to point to the active cell/range border for the
purposes of clicking and dragging or moving.

 Double headed arrow

• Appears when the mouse pointer is to be used for resizing the
window.

 I-beam
• Appear when the mouse pointer is at the formula bar, the
name box, or inside the active cell which is being edited.
 Mouse Pointer
 Thick Cross
• Appears when the mouse pointer is at the worksheet
document window (area of cells)

 Fill handle (thin cross)

• Appears when the mouse pointer is positioned on the auto-fill
handle for clicking and dragging purposes (copying)

 Width changer
• Appears when you wish to adjust the column width by
clicking and dragging the column header divisions

 Height changer
• Appears when you wish to adjust the row height by clicking
and dragging the row header divisions
Formula
Is used to calculate values.
You may use an equal sign or the
Autosum function to build a formula.
Texts are letters, symbols, numbers and
spaces or any combination that you enter
into a cell.
Value is a number that you enter into a
cell that you may use in a formula later.
Operators used in Excel
+ (plus) - Addition
- (minus) - Subtraction
* (asterisk) - Multiplication
/ (slash) - Division
^ (caret) - Exponentiation
Parenthesis - Grouping
 PEMDAS & the Hierarchy of
Operations:
Operator Function Example
() Grouping / Parentheses

^ Exponentiation =B4 ^ B2
* Multiplication =B4 * B2
/ Division =B4 / B2
+ Addition =B4 + B2
– Subtraction =B4 – B2
Combination =B4*(B2+B3)/2)
 Order or Hierarchy of Operations
 FirstOrder Parentheses
 Second Order Exponentiation
 Third Order Multiplication /
Division (Left to Right)
 Fourth Order Addition / Subtraction
(Left to Right)
 Referencing
2 Types of Referencing

• Relative Referencing – excel adjusts the cell

address as it copies formulas downwards or
sideways.

• Absolute Referencing – It secures or locks part

of the formula to a certain cell address by using
two dollar ($) signs in the cell address. Ex:
$A$5
Formula Error Messages
Error Meaning
#DIV/0! Attempts to divide a zero
#VALUE! Tries to calculate something that is not a value (such
as text)
#REF! Addresses a cell that does not exist (such as deleted
cell) or is invalid
#NAME? Uses a cell name thta you have not defined, was
misspelled or cannot be recognized
#NUM! Attempts an invalid numeric dtat for the type of
operation
#N/A! Formula or function cannot find the referenced data
#NULL! Space was used in formula that reference multiple
ranges.
 Functions

- Are ready made formulas in Excel designed to

compute specific values.
- Can be used as part of an Excel formula.
- It normally deal with range
- Range is a group of cells either in the same row,
the same column or in a rectangular
arrangement.
Most frequently used functions:
Function Syntax &
Name Use Arguments Example
AND Returns either True or =AND(Condition1, =AND(B3=5,B4*3=A
False condition) 5)
AVERAGE =AVERAGE(rang
Calculate the average e)
=AVERAGE(B1:B6)
or mean of a range

AVERAGEIF Finds average =AVERAGEIF(ran

(arithmetic mean) for ge,criteria,averag
=AVERAGEIF(E5:E
the cells specified by a e range)
19,”Teacher”,F5:F19
given condition or
)
criteria

COUNT =COUNT(range)
Count the no of cells in
the range have =COUNT(A1:A10)
numeric values
 Most frequently used functions:
Function Syntax &
Name Use Arguments Example
COUNTIF Counts the no =COUNTIF(range,
of cells in the “condition”)
range that =COUNTIF(A1:A10
satisfy a ,”>=0”)
certain
condition
IF Determine the =IF(condition, value
values of a if True, value if =IF(A4<A2*2,”Less
cell based on False) Than”, “Greater or
a certain equal”)
condition
MAX Gives the =MAX(range)
highest value =MAX(D10:F10)
in the range
 Most frequently used functions:
Function Syntax &
Name Use Arguments Example
MIN Gives the =MIN(range)
smallest
=MIN(D10:F10)
value in the
range
OR Checks the =OR(condition1,
overall condition2,..)
combined
=OR(B3=5,B4*3=A5)
value of
several
conditions
PRODUCT Multiplies the =PRODUCT(range)
values of the
=PRODUCT(B3:B1)
cells in the
range
 Most frequently used functions:

Function Syntax &

Name Use Arguments Example
ROUND Rounds a =ROUND(value or
=ROUND(A$,2)
value to a cells, number of
digits) =ROUND(12.567,2)
specified no of
will give you 12.57
digits or
=ROUND(12.567,-1)
decimal
will give you 10
places
SUM Adds the =SUM(range)
values of the
=SUM(B3:B1)
cells in the
range
Combined =IF(ROUND(SUM(B2
or nested :B4),0)>3,PRODUCT(
functions A2:A4)*5,IF(MAX(A2:
A4)/2=5,”A2”,”A4”))